19 Best Places to Visit in the United States

Written by Lana Law
Sep 9, 2019

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With so much to see in this vast country, it can be difficult to know where to start when it comes to planning a trip in the United States. World-class cities, some known for history and others known for fun or glamour, give visitors a broad spectrum of places to choose from. The best places to visit in the United States may simply depend on your personal interests.

Along the Eastern Seaboard, New York and Washington, D.C. offer two uniquely different city experiences. Along the West Coast, San Francisco and Los Angeles are both hot spots for tourists. In the Southwest, Las Vegas brings the desert to life, and the Grand Canyon shows off one of nature’s greatest creations. Beyond the mainland are the beaches of Waikiki and the tropical Hawaiian Islands. These are just a few key locations, but wonderful destinations for any type of traveler can be found all over the country.

Discover more of America with our list of the best places to visit in the United States.

Note: Some businesses may be temporarily closed due to recent global health and safety issues.

1. New York

New York
New York

New York City is like no other city in the world, and one that must be experienced to be fully appreciated. For first-time visitors, walking the streets can be like walking through a movie set, with famous sites at every turn, from the Empire State Building, to Rockefeller Plaza, the Chrysler BuildingCentral ParkTimes Square5th AvenueBroadway, and of course, the Statue of Liberty.

Sightsee by day, take in a Broadway show in the evening, work in time for shopping, and relax and reminisce over a fantastic meal. This is New York. With too much to see and do in a day or a weekend, this is a city worth visiting time and time again.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in New York City

2. San Francisco

San Francisco
San Francisco

This charming and picturesque West Coast city is the perfect getaway destination for couples, singles, or families. Famous sites, charming streets, beautiful views, and outdoor dining are all part of what makes San Francisco such a great place to visit.19 Best Places to Visit in the USA | PlanetWare.com

Take a cruise on San Francisco Bay, tour Alcatraz, drive over the Golden Gate Bridge, wander around Fisherman’s Wharf, or hop on a street car to explore the city sites.

Summer or fall is a wonderful time to visit, but the climate here is mild and any time of year is pleasant.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in San Francisco: Best Areas & Hotels

3. The Grand Canyon

The Grand Canyon
The Grand Canyon | Photo Copyright: Lana Law

The Grand Canyon is one of those must-see, bucket-list destinations that have been attracting visitors for generations. Gazing out over the canyon walls to an endless horizon and an unfathomable depth below is one of the highlights of any trip in the United States.

Visiting the Grand Canyon can easily be done on a day trip from Las Vegas or Phoenix, and some smaller cities in the vicinity, or incorporated into a larger driving trip through Arizona and surrounding states. A train trip from Williams, AZ is another delightful way to experience the canyon.

You can visit the south rim of the Grand Canyon, which is the most popular and most visited section, at any time of year. The road to the north rim of the Grand Canyon is closed in winter due to snow.

Accommodation: Best Hotels at the Grand Canyon

4. Houston

Houston from Buffalo Bayou Park
Houston from Buffalo Bayou Park | Photo Copyright: Lana Law

Houston is the perfect city for a friends getaway, a couples’ retreat, or a family vacation. With direct flights from cities across the United States and Canada, you can easily fly in to see a sports game, wander through Houston’s Museum District, lounge by a pool at one of the many luxury hotels, and spend your evenings enjoying incredible meals. Houston has developed into a hot spot for dining in the United States and is now well known for extraordinary cuisine.

If you want a relaxed but outdoor urban experience, rent a bike and peddle your way through the miles of paved trails in the parks or on the downtown streets. Rent a kayak and paddle along Buffalo Bayou in Buffalo Bayou Park.

In less than an hour, you can be on the nearby beaches at Galveston, and along the way, you can make a stop at Space Center Houston.

Accommodation: Best Resorts in Houston

5. Las Vegas

Las Vegas
Las Vegas

This glittering city of lights in the desert holds a unique appeal, and one that has been attracting visitors for decades. Huge resort complexes, with all kinds of things to see and do at any time of year, have made this a destination that draws everyone, from want-to-be newlyweds who come here to say their vows, to families who just want to hang out around a pool.

Entertainment options are extensive, with some of the music industry’s top stars calling Las Vegas home and playing to packed audiences every night. Cirque du Soleil offers another unique experience, and of course, each resort has something to entertain guests, from dancing fountains to an erupting volcano.

When you’ve had your fill of the city, there is plenty to explore in the surrounding area, with the Grand CanyonHoover DamDeath Valley National Park, and Valley of Fire State Park all within easy day-tripping distance.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Las Vegas: Best Areas & Hotels

6. Waikiki

Waikiki
Waikiki

Waikiki is one of America’s top beaching destinations, with all the comforts of North America on a beautiful tropical island in the Pacific Ocean. Located on the Hawaiian island of Oahu, Waikiki is a suburb of Honolulu known for the beautiful golden sand beach that stretches along the oceanfront, backed by hotels and retail establishments.

Rent a surfboard and test your skills in the waves, hit the shops when you’re done with the beach, and enjoy great dining options in the evening. This is the perfect destination for everyone, from families to couples or singles.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Honolulu: Best Areas & Hotels

7. Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C. is the US capitol and home to some of the most famous sites and national treasures in America, from the White House and the Capitol Building to the Smithsonian museums. This city should be on everyone’s itinerary of the East Coast.

In the spring, the Cherry Blossom Festival is a beautiful time to visit, when the trees are in full bloom. Fall is also a good time, when the hot summer temperatures have cooled off enough to make walking around outside very comfortable and the rush of the busy summer season has passed. In winter, the crowds are definitely smaller, and the city is stunning after a fresh snowfall.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Washington, D.C.: Best Areas & Hotels

8. Miami

Miami
Miami

The hot spot of southern Florida, Miami is more than just a great beaching destination. Wonderful beaches can be found all over Florida, but Miami offers an atmosphere like no other city in the state.

The Cuban vibe along Calle Ocho in Little Havana, the Art Deco District in Miami Beach that calls to mind the 1930s era, the endless parade of sports cars cruising along Ocean Drive in the evenings, and the summertime beach scene of South Beach are just some of the unique aspects that make Miami one of the best cities in the US.

For a unique experience take a day trip from Miami to Everglades National Park to see alligators, turtles, and an array of birds in this one-of-a-kind wetlands area.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Miami: Best Areas & Hotels

9. Los Angeles

Los Angeles
Los Angeles

Southern California has a culture all of its own, and Los Angeles is the epicenter of this unique area. The city has always been associated with glamour, with the suburbs of HollywoodBeverly Hills, and Bel Air dominating pop culture. Travelers will find all kinds of vacation possibilities in the Los Angeles area.

Hollywood is a must for movie lovers, families come to experience nearby Disneyland, and shoppers will definitely find what they’re looking for in the Los Angeles area. If you are looking for a little sand and surf, head to one of the many beaches around LA. For an interesting natural history experience, be sure to visit La Brea Tar Pits to see fossil remains of prehistoric animals that roamed this area 40,000 years ago.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Los Angeles: Best Areas & Hotels

10. New Orleans

New Orleans
New Orleans

New Orleans is like no other southern city. The mix of cultures, with strong French and Spanish influences, is more reminiscent of the Caribbean than the United States. Cajun and Creole cuisine, jazz music, and the architecture of the French Quarter set this city apart and make it a perfect destination for a long weekend getaway.

The highlight of New Orleans’ calendar year is Mardi Gras, when elaborate costumes and outrageous floats light up the streets, music can be heard everywhere, and the celebrations seem never-ending. However, if crowds are not your thing, you may want to avoid this time of year.

The best time to visit is from December to May. June to November is hotter and prone to storms and hurricanes.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in New Orleans: Best Areas & Hotels

11. Utah’s National Parks

Arches National Park
Arches National Park | Photo Copyright: Lana Law

Southern Utah is home to a landscape like no other, with canyons, arches, natural amphitheaters, and oddly beautiful rock formations. Fortunately, Utah’s parks offer access to the state’s most incredible scenery.

Zion National Park is one of the most outstanding, and particularly of interest for its hiking trails. Soaring cliff walls, waterfalls, and the river running through the valley, making this one of the most visited parks in the United States.

Arches National Park, near the town of Moab, is home to more than 2,000 sandstone arches, but is much more than the name suggests. Rock spires, petrified dunes, views to distant mountain peaks, and the numerous adventure opportunities in the area, make this a place you’ll want to spend some time. It’s also a top mountain biking destination in the United States.

Nearby, but completely different in character, is Canyonlands National Park. Some sections of this park are as enchanting as the Grand Canyon but not nearly as busy. Plan on at least a day to see two separate sections of the park, and more if you want to enjoy the hiking trails.

Bryce Canyon National Park offers a completely different scene, with a huge natural amphitheater providing the base for a forest of colorful rock pinnacles. The hiking trails in Bryce, which take you through this mystical landscape, are mostly easy to moderate and worth doing. And lastly, Capitol Reef National Park is a little out of the way but is worth a stop if you can work it into your itinerary.

12. Orlando/Kissimmee

Orlando/Kissimmee
Orlando/Kissimmee

Orlando, which for most tourists is synonymous with Kissimmee, is all about the theme parks; Walt Disney World ResortUniversal Studios, and SeaWorld are the big attractions. This is one of the best vacation spots in the US for families. Kids love it. But adults will also enjoy the parks, as well as the shopping, dining, golfing, and sunshine.

School holidays are the busiest time to visit. Christmas and summer holidays are particularly hectic. Fortunately, Orlando is primed for tourists, with all kinds of hotels and home rentals available in the area. The city is located inland but within easy day-tripping distance of both coasts and the popular Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic Coast.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Orlando: Best Areas & Hotels

13. Chicago

Chicago
Chicago

Set on the shores of Lake Michigan, Chicago is a great summer destination, with parks and a beautiful waterfront. But its arts and cultural attractions, as well as fantastic shopping, make it a popular year-round destination.

The Magnificent Mile, along Michigan Avenue, is the city’s most famous area, with high-end luxury stores and galleries, along with famous buildings and outstanding architecture. Some of the tourist highlights include Millennium Park, the Art Institute of ChicagoNavy Pier, and the views from the Willis Tower SkyDeck.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Chicago: Best Areas & Hotels

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14. Phoenix

Phoenix
Phoenix

In the heart of the Southwestern US, Phoenix is a huge, sprawling city that attracts large numbers of northerners during the winter months, who come here to escape the cold weather. The city and surroundings, which include ScottsdaleMesa, and several other townships, are known in particular for their golf resorts and spa retreats.

Phoenix is a great destination for golfing, shopping, relaxing, and hanging out by a pool. Natural areas that showcase the desert landscape can be found within the city and nearby, providing easy access for hiking or mountain biking. Summer temperatures can be extremely high, but October to April is very pleasant, especially if you want to spend time outdoors.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Phoenix: Best Areas & Hotels

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15. Savannah

Savannah
Savannah

Savannah is the quintessential small southern city, with huge moss-covered trees in the beautiful parks, old southern mansions, and a lovely waterfront area with candy stores and other unique shops in historic buildings. The pace is slow, and the people are friendly.

It’s easy to see that Savannah is a city where people live and enjoy life, rather than an area simply developed for tourism. The city center is small enough that you can walk everywhere. This is a city you can see in a day, but the kind of place where you will want to linger.

Nearby are some beautiful beaches at Tybee Island and Hilton Head Island, both of which can be reached by car in well under an hour.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Savannah: Best Areas & Hotels

16. Boston

Boston
Boston

Located along the Eastern Seaboard, Boston is a city of history. The famous Freedom Trail leads past some of the city’s most famous and historic sites, making sightseeing and navigating through the city extremely easy.

Picturesquely situated along the oceanfront, with ferries connecting the outer suburbs, Boston has a unique charm. Modern skyscrapers stand next to centuries-old buildings, and open public spaces, like Boston Common, give the city a quaint, small-town feel. The city also has a strong arts and cultural scene, and is home to the famous Boston Pops Orchestra.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Boston: Best Areas & Hotels

17. Yosemite National Park

Yosemite National Park
Yosemite National Park | Photo Copyright: Lana Law

While the Grand Canyon is on most international travelers’ itineraries, Yosemite is a national treasure that should not be missed. Yosemite Valley is home to some of America’s most famous landscapes and iconic natural attractions, from the dramatic waterfalls to the soaring cliff walls of El Capitan and Half Dome.

The captivating photographs of Ansel Adams, the climbing community that has flocked here for decades, and the generations of families who have been coming to the park to camphike, and soak up the scenery have all contributed to the park’s history. But long before this, the Miwok people inhabited the area. You can learn more about this at the Yosemite Museum and Indian Village of the Ahwahnee in the park.

18. Colorado’s Rocky Mountains

Rocky Mountains in Colorado
Rocky Mountains in Colorado

The dramatic peaks of the Rocky Mountains can be appreciated in many areas of North America, but in Colorado, the climate and small mountain towns make this one of the best places to visit the Rockies. Waterfalls and snow-capped peaks, more than 50 of which reach a height of 14,000 feet or more, make this a beautiful area for sightseeing and appreciating mountain life.

In summer, hikingmountain biking, and rafting are popular pastimes. Inn winter, the mountains become a playground for skiers and boarders. The ski resorts in Colorado are some of the best in North America.

Some of the best places to visit are the towns of VailAspenTelluride, and Durango. Scenic drives, like the San Juan Scenic Byway and the Million Dollar Highway, which leaves from Durango, will take you through breathtaking mountain scenery and old mining towns like Silverton and Ouray. Or, hop on the Silverton & Durango Narrow Gauge Railroad for a relaxing day trip through the Rockies.

On the edge of the Rocky Mountains in the southwest corner of Colorado, a little over an hour from Durango, is Mesa Verde National Park. This fantastic park is home to incredible Native American cliff dwellings, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

19. Seattle

Seattle
Seattle

In the northwest corner of the US is the lovely coastal city of Seattle. Surrounded by water and snow-capped mountains, the city is reminiscent of Vancouver, Canada, with an active, outdoor oriented population and countless things to see and do.

Key sights in the city include the impossible-to-miss Space Needle, the lively Pike Place Market, and the waterfront. Within easy day-tripping distance of the city are beautiful beaches, the Hoh Rain Forest, and mountain landscapes, all waiting to be explored.

Although the winter months see more rain than summer, the city has a mild climate and is a nice place to visit at any time of year.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Seattle: Best Areas & Hotels

imageGetaways for Couples & Families: Trying to come up with somewhere for you and your partner to take a quick trip? See our list of Best Vacation Spots in the US for Couples to find a romantic destination for two. If you’re looking for a destination where you can take the kids and have a good time, you’ll enjoy our article on the Top Family Vacations in the US.Subscribe to ourNewsletterDiscover destinations, find outdoor adventures, follow the journeys of our travel writers around the world, and be inspired. 

17 Most Beautiful Islands in the World

Written by Karen Hastings
UPDATED:04 AUG 2021 May 4, 2020

We may earn a commission from affiliate links ()

Islands conjure dreams of paradise: an escape from the rat race and a perfect patch of sand where you can relax under rustling palms and gaze at a serene blue sea.

But not all islands are created the same. The beauty of some is defined more by the sea that surrounds them, which can captivate connoisseurs with its crystalline clarity and thriving coral kingdoms.

Other islands feature luxuriant jungles and velvety peaks, and some enchant travelers with their cultural jewels. Whether it’s sublime beaches, stunning topography, or exotic cultures you seek, these islands lie far from the workaday clamor but close to creature comforts.

From the Seychelles to Santorini and the Caribbean to Capri, find your very own Shangri-la in this list of the most beautiful islands in the world.

Note: Some businesses may be temporarily closed due to recent global health and safety issues.

1. Maldives

Maldives
Maldives

The Maldives are home to some of the world’s most ravishing islands, but it’s the sea, which truly makes these islands shine. Luminous aquamarine waters with a crystal clarity lap upon these dazzling white shores, which barely peek above the Indian Ocean.

Consisting of 26 natural atolls, the Maldives archipelago is the planet’s lowest lying nation, rising no more than three meters above the sea at its highest point, a measurement that shrinks every year.

Beneath the mesmerizing waters, coral reefs flourish, luring divers and snorkelers from around the world. Surfers also flock here to ride the uncrowded breaks.

Back on land, luxury resorts provide the perfect launching points for adventures focused upon the sea, the archipelago’s greatest asset, but also, as the planet’s climate changes, its single greatest threat.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in the Maldives

2. Bora Bora, French Polynesia

Bora Bora, French Polynesia
Bora Bora, French Polynesia

Shaped like a giant sombrero, this lush volcanic island stars in countless South Pacific fantasies. The focal point and best asset of this tropical beauty is its ravishing lagoon in technicolor turquoise. Fish, turtles, sharks, and rays swim in the clear waters, and tiny islets or motus dot the lagoon.16 Most Beautiful Islands in the World | PlanetWare.com

The island, of course, is distinctly French, with mouthwatering cuisine to match. Diving and snorkeling are excellent in the surrounding reefs, and hiking trails weave through the palm-studded forests.

If you can afford it, hide out here in a luxurious over-the-water bungalow and bask in your good fortune as you fall asleep to the gentle slosh of the sea.

Accommodation: Top-Rated Resorts in Tahiti

3. Palawan, Philippines

Palawan, Philippines
Palawan, Philippines

Palawan is the Philippine’s answer to paradise. This island province stretches southwest to Borneo, with lush limestone peaks rising from a jewel-like sea so clear, that you can almost see the expressions on the fish from above the surface.

Slivers of gleaming white-sand beaches fringed with rustling palms rim many of these jungle-clad islands, while under the water, coral reefs teem with an impressive diversity of tropical fish, offering some of the best diving in the world.

Other attractions include the islands’ unique wildlife, emerald lakes, and quaint fishing villages. Coron is home to plush resorts, and El Nido drips with natural beauty and is one of the most alluring islands in the chain. From here, you can island hop around the spectacular Bacuit archipelago.

One of Palawan’s top attractions is the World Heritage-listed Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, an impressive limestone cave system with a long underground river.

Accommodation: Where to Stay on Palawan Island

4. Seychelles

Seychelles
Seychelles

Pristine and picture-perfect, the Seychelles are worth traveling for. East of Kenya, this relatively unspoiled archipelago of 115 coral and granite islands is packed with attractions, from UNESCO-listed jungles and thriving coral reefs to palm-lined, powdery beaches flanked by giant boulders.

Almost half the total land area of these equatorial isles is protected, and many of the islands lie within fish-rich marine sanctuaries with excellent diving and snorkeling.

The Seychelles also feature some of the planet’s richest fishing grounds, making this a top destination for anglers. Add some spicy Créole cuisine into the mix, as well as the plush resorts of Mahé, Praslin, and La Digue, and it’s easy to understand the Seychelles’ allure.

5. Santorini, Greece

Santorini, Greece
Santorini, Greece

Encircling a sea-filled caldera, spectacular Santorini scores top points for its dramatic beauty. Bleached white villas tumble down volcanic cliffs. Blue-domed churches rise against the sparkling sea, and bright sprays of bougainvillea add to the eye-popping palette of color.

Perched atop the black lava cliffs, the settlements of Firá and Oia are the island’s most picturesque — and pricey, destinations — and Oia ranks among the most photographed locations in the world.

Other highlights of Santorini include Akrotíri Archaeological Site, Ancient Thira, the black sand beach of Perissa, and of course, the sublime sunsets. Sailing into this stunning caldera surrounded by soaring sea cliffs makes an unforgettable first impression.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Santorini: Best Areas & Hotels

6. The Cook Islands

The Cook Islands
The Cook Islands

If you’ve ever dreamed of being a castaway in the South Pacific, the Cook Islands are for you. Strung between French Polynesia and Samoa but with strong ties to New Zealand, the archipelago’s 15 islands are among the most beautiful islands in the South Pacific.

Among the islands’ top attractions are enticing aquamarine lagoons, palm-fringed beaches, and volcanic peaks. Best of all, the locals are among the friendliest in the South Pacific.

Rarotonga is the main tourist hub, with its many resorts, lush peaks, and plentiful beaches. Aitutaki is one of the most beautiful islands in the South Pacific. Hibiscus-laced villages snuggle on the hillsides, and 21 motus or small islets lie along its heavenly lagoon, many within kayak distance of the resorts.

Ensconce yourself here in an over-the-water bungalow or hole up in a rustic beach shack on a remote out island and live your Robinson Crusoe fantasies.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in the Cook Islands

7. Bali, Indonesia

Bali, Indonesia
Bali, Indonesia

Bali’s intoxicating culture is a feast for the senses. Incense wafts from Hindu temples, rice paddies glow in electric greens, and the food jolts the taste buds. Surfing, swimming, and sunbathing are popular activities at the island’s beautiful beaches, and tourists will find so many other things to do on this exotic isle, from temple hopping and sightseeing in the lush countryside to spa treatments, shopping, and hiking.

Soak up the spiritual side of Bali in Ubud, see Seminyak, and family-friendly Sanur, feel the pumping pulse of touristy Kuta, or explore the attractions on the neighboring volcanic island of Lombok.

Looking for somewhere chic to stay? Choose from beautiful beach resorts, and if you’re bringing the kids, you’ll find plenty of good-value places to stay with the family.

One thing’s for sure: Bali’s enchanting spirit will wash over you like a warm, tropical wave.

8. The Dalmatian Islands, Croatia

Zlatni Rat
Zlatni Rat

In the Adriatic sea off the coast of Croatia, the Dalmatian Islands are an enchanting mix of relaxed charm and rich history. Quaint villages and boutique hotels and restaurants dot these gorgeous isles, which are surrounded by sparkling seas and some of the Croatia’s best beaches.

Top on the list is Brac with the famous beach strip of Zlatni Rat (Golden Horn). Hvar is also beautiful with its Gothic churches, car-free old town, and picturesque fishing harbor. From here, you can zip across to the beautiful Pakleni Islands, known for their crystal-clear water and secluded coves.

Other must-see Dalmatian islands include Korcula, with its red-roofed, white-washed buildings; Mljet with its two inland saltwater lakes; and relatively uncrowded Vis.

Accommodation: Top-Rated Beach Resorts in Croatia

9. Fiji

Fiji
Fiji

One of Australia’s go-to tropical escapes, Fiji ticks all the fantasy island boxes. White-sand beaches, translucent turquoise waters, and teeming coral reefs are all found here in abundance. And the Fijian people welcome visitors with warm, friendly smiles.

Diving, snorkeling, fishing, and, in some areas, surfing are all popular things to do in Fiji, but sprawling under a palm tree and slipping into the silky warm seas can be equally rewarding. With more than 300 islands, it’s easy to find the best island for your vacation, from luxurious celebrity hideaways and family-friendly resorts to the sublime Yasawa and Mamanuca group.

Fijians love young children, so this a fabulous destination for families looking to relax.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Fiji

10. Kaua’i

Aerial view of Kaua'i
Aerial view of Kaua’i

Kaua’i is called “the Garden Isle” for good reason: rainforests cloak much of the interior, waterfalls tumble from lava cliffs, and the intoxicating fragrance of tropical blooms hangs heavy on the sultry air.

But the island’s beauty lies not just in its luxuriant flora; its spectacular coastline will take your breath away. Lava sculpted this stunning island, thrusting up from the ocean floor to form velvety ridges and vertiginous cliffs rimmed by gorgeous beaches.

Beneath its cobalt-blue seas, turtles and tropical fish swim along coral reefs, delighting divers and snorkelers from around the globe. Compared to its popular sister islands, Maui and Oahu, Kaua’i exudes a low-key vibe and tends to move at a more relaxed pace.

Don’t miss Kauai’s top attractions: the breathtaking Na Pali Coast, 10-mile-long Waimea Canyon, and the cloud-capped vistas from the cliffs above Hanalei Bay.

Accommodation: Best Hotels in Kaua’i

11. St. Lucia

View of the Pitons on St. Lucia
View of the Pitons on St. Lucia

St. Lucia exudes a dark and brooding beauty. Unlike other Caribbean islands, its best assets are not necessarily its beaches, though with their golden sands and graceful palms, they are popular with those who visit. Rather, the island itself is drenched in topographic drama. The towering Pitons, twin volcanic peaks, preside over the luxuriant landscapes, rising more than 700 meters from the sea, and providing a breathtaking backdrop to the stunning scenery.

Bristling forests of coconut palms, waterfalls, quaint fishing villages, coral reefs, nature trails, and healing hot springs are just some of the sights to explore on St. Lucia. Pretty Marigot Bay and Anse Chastanet Marine Park are highlights. The island’s French influences also add to its exotic appeal.

Accommodation: Top-Rated Resorts in St. Lucia

12. Capri, Italy

Capri, Italy
Capri, Italy

Glamorous Capri, about 20 kilometers off the Amalfi Coast, lives up to all the hype. Sea stacks and soaring cliffs rise from the teal-hued Tyrrhenian Sea, framed by sprays of colorful flowers.

One of its most popular tourist attractions is the blue grotto, a glowing sea cave, where locals row tourists in on tiny boats and sing opera to demonstrate the acoustics.

Once you arrive at the port of Marina Grande, catch the funicular up to the main town of Capri, which feels like a movie set. The piazza here buzzes with impeccably dressed locals and tourists toting shopping bags filled with designer clothes and the island’s perfumes.

While you’re here, be sure to also visit the highest town, Anacapri, and take the chair lift up to Monte Solaro for spectacular views across the island and sea.

Accommodation: Where to Stay on Capri

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13. Ko Phi Phi, Thailand

Ko Phi Phi, Thailand
Ko Phi Phi, Thailand

In Ko Phi Phi, a small archipelago in the Krabi Province of Thailand, lush limestone peaks rise from the tropical sea, and warm waters lap on palm-lined sugary beaches.

Slammed by the tsunami in 2004, Ko Phi Phi has now recovered. Its natural beauty still recalls the tropical island dream evoked in the famous Leonardo DiCaprio movie, The Beach, which was filmed here at Maya Beach on the smaller neighboring island of Ko Phi Phi Leh.

Ko Phi Phi Don is the only inhabited island and offers day trips to the surrounding islands. Other popular activities include swimming, snorkeling, and superb diving. Don’t miss Monkey Beach, famous for its cheeky namesake residents.

Accommodation: Top-Rated Beach Resorts in Krabi, Thailand

14. Whitsunday Islands, Australia

Whitehaven Beach in the Whitsunday Islands
Whitehaven Beach in the Whitsunday Islands

Sprinkled along the World Heritage-listed Great Barrier Reef, the Whitsunday Islands are Australia’s version of the classic tropical island fantasy. These 74 lush islands are the peaks of drowned hills rising above the strikingly blue Coral Sea.

Sailing is one of the popular things to do in the Whitsundays, and diving is excellent along the fish-rich coral reefs. This is an extremely fragile ecosystem protected by six national parks, and you can explore some of the islands on hiking trails.

Accommodation ranges from beachfront campsites, eco-retreats, and family resorts to luxury escapes like Hayman Island and Qualia on Hamilton Island.

Don’t miss the radiant silica sands of Whitehaven Beach, one of Australia’s best beaches, on Whitsunday Island.

Airlie Beach is the main launching point for Whitsunday adventures.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in the Whitsunday Islands

15. Sardinia, Italy

Castelsardo
Castelsardo

Blissful white-sand beaches, rugged coastal peaks, mouthwatering cuisine, a unique blend of cultures, and ancient archeological treasures: What’s not to love about this saucy Italian isle?

Most travelers have heard of the glamorous Costa Smeralda, or Emerald Coast, with its craggy coves and clear green seas, but this large and diverse Mediterranean isle also lays claim to many other attractions. Sardinia is home to the largest canyon in Europe, Gola su Gorropu; prehistoric archaeological sites; the captivating Catalan-tinged town of Alghero; and the medieval streets of Cagliari, the capital.

Stay awhile at one of the many pampering hotels and resorts, and while you’re here, be sure to cruise along some of the scenic coastal drives and soak up the spectacular views.

16. St. Barts

St. Barts
St. Barts

Stunningly beautiful, yet understated, St. Barts lures movie stars and moguls from around the world, and for good reason. This pretty island offers a luscious taste of France in the tropics, with a relaxed charm that discerning travelers love.

One of St. Barts’ top attractions are its glamorous blond beaches, which curve around its coastline, backed by rolling green hills. Privacy and seclusion are the island’s other top selling points, but of course all this comes at a price. This alluring island is one of the Caribbean’s most expensive, but if money’s no object, you can ensconce yourself in a private villa or boutique hotel, dine on gourmet French cuisine until your heart’s content, and live the lifestyle of the rich and famous.

Accommodation: Where to Stay on St. Barts

17. The Bahamas

Tropical island in the Exumas, The Bahamas
Tropical island in the Exumas, The Bahamas

With 700 islands and more than 2,000 tiny cayes, it’s easy to find your dream Caribbean hideaway in The Bahamas. The top attractions of these stunningly beautiful islands range from idyllic beaches and thriving coral reefs to fantastic shopping and dining.

Seeking duty-free shops, mega-resorts, and entertainment? Head to the capital of Nassau, a popular cruise ship port on the island of New Providence, or book a stay on Grand Bahama. Is big game fishing your favorite thing to do? Bimini is the best choice. Maybe you want to explore the underwater world: Long Island and Andros have fantastic diving and world-class bonefishing.

And if you just want to bask on sublime white-sand beaches washed by eye-popping blue water, head to the Out Islands, like the Exumas, Abacos, and Eleuthera. Are pink-sand beaches more your thing? Harbor Island should be top on your list.

No matter where you decide to visit, you’ll find plenty of idyllic places to stay, from luxury resorts to family resorts, and even cheap all-inclusive resorts.

The Invention of the Internet


The Invention of the InternetUPDATED:OCT 28, 2019ORIGINAL:JUL 30, 2010

The Invention of the Internet

CONTENTS

  1. The Sputnik Scare
  2. The Birth of the ARPAnet
  3. “LOGIN”
  4. The Network Grows
  5. The World Wide Web

Unlike technologies such as the light bulb or the telephone, the internet has no single “inventor.” Instead, it has evolved over time. The internet got its start in the United States more than 50 years ago as a government weapon in the Cold War. For years, scientists and researchers used it to communicate and share data with one another. Today, we use the internet for almost everything, and for many people it would be impossible to imagine life without it.

The Sputnik Scare

On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world’s first manmade satellite into orbit. The satellite, known as Sputnik, did not do much: It relayed blips and bleeps from its radio transmitters as it circled the Earth. Still, to many Americans, the beach-ball-sized Sputnik was proof of something alarming: While the brightest scientists and engineers in the United States had been designing bigger cars and better television sets, it seemed, the Soviets had been focusing on less frivolous things—and they were going to win the Cold War because of it.

Did you know? Today, almost one-third of the world’s 6.8 billion people use the internet regularly.

After Sputnik’s launch, many Americans began to think more seriously about science and technology. Schools added courses on subjects like chemistry, physics and calculus. Corporations took government grants and invested them in scientific research and development. And the federal government itself formed new agencies, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), to develop space-age technologies such as rockets, weapons and computers.https://f3f096a8ab36ff662d51d797130e2aa1.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

The Birth of the ARPAnet

Scientists and military experts were especially concerned about what might happen in the event of a Soviet attack on the nation’s telephone system. Just one missile, they feared, could destroy the whole network of lines and wires that made efficient long-distance communication possible. 

In 1962, a scientist from M.I.T. and ARPA named J.C.R. Licklider proposed a solution to this problem: a “galactic network” of computers that could talk to one another. Such a network would enable government leaders to communicate even if the Soviets destroyed the telephone system.

In 1965, another M.I.T. scientist developed a way of sending information from one computer to another that he called “packet switching.” Packet switching breaks data down into blocks, or packets, before sending it to its destination. That way, each packet can take its own route from place to place. Without packet switching, the government’s computer network—now known as the ARPAnet—would have been just as vulnerable to enemy attacks as the phone system.

“LOGIN”

On October 29, 1969, ARPAnet delivered its first message: a “node-to-node” communication from one computer to another. (The first computer was located in a research lab at UCLA and the second was at Stanford; each one was the size of a small house.) The message—“LOGIN”—was short and simple, but it crashed the fledgling ARPA network anyway: The Stanford computer only received the note’s first two letters.

The Network Grows

By the end of 1969, just four computers were connected to the ARPAnet, but the network grew steadily during the 1970s. 

In 1971, it added the University of Hawaii’s ALOHAnet, and two years later it added networks at London’s University College and the Royal Radar Establishment in Norway. As packet-switched computer networks multiplied, however, it became more difficult for them to integrate into a single worldwide “internet.”

By the end of the 1970s, a computer scientist named Vinton Cerf had begun to solve this problem by developing a way for all of the computers on all of the world’s mini-networks to communicate with one another. He called his invention “Transmission Control Protocol,” or TCP. (Later, he added an additional protocol, known as “Internet Protocol.” The acronym we use to refer to these today is TCP/IP.) One writer describes Cerf’s protocol as “the ‘handshake’ that introduces distant and different computers to each other in a virtual space.”

The World Wide Web

Cerf’s protocol transformed the internet into a worldwide network. Throughout the 1980s, researchers and scientists used it to send files and data from one computer to another. However, in 1991 the internet changed again. That year, a computer programmer in Switzerland named Tim Berners-Lee introduced the World Wide Web: an internet that was not simply a way to send files from one place to another but was itself a “web” of information that anyone on the Internet could retrieve. Berners-Lee created the Internet that we know today.

Since then, the internet has changed in many ways. In 1992, a group of students and researchers at the University of Illinois developed a sophisticated browser that they called Mosaic. (It later became Netscape.) Mosaic offered a user-friendly way to search the Web: It allowed users to see words and pictures on the same page for the first time and to navigate using scrollbars and clickable links. 

That same year, Congress decided that the Web could be used for commercial purposes. As a result, companies of all kinds hurried to set up websites of their own, and e-commerce entrepreneurs began to use the internet to sell goods directly to customers. More recently, social networking sites like Facebook have become a popular way for people of all ages to stay connected.

Citation Information

Article Title

The Invention of the Internet

AuthorHistory.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/invention-of-the-internet

Access Date

August 4, 2021

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

October 28, 2019

Original Published Date

July 30, 2010TAGSINVENTORSBY HISTORY.COM EDITORS

FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn’t look right, click here to contact us!

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How Nelson Mandela Used Rugby as a Symbol of South African Unity

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Published; 03 AUG 2021,Amir P.Adam

History Stories

How Nelson Mandela Used Rugby as a Symbol of South African UnityJUL 29, 2021

How Nelson Mandela Used Rugby as a Symbol of South African Unity

In a nation bitterly divided by apartheid, Mandela used the game to foster shared national pride.FARRELL EVANS

Ross Kinnaird – PA Images via Getty Images

On June 24, 1995 at Johannesburg’s Ellis Park Stadium, South Africa won the Rugby World Cup 15-12 over its arch rival New Zealand. The match stands as a hugely symbolic moment in South African history. It marked the nation’s first major sporting event since the end of its segregationist apartheid regime in 1991. And in a masterful act of statecraft conducted squarely in the international spotlight, President Nelson Mandela orchestrated a show of unity in one of the world’s most bitterly divided nations, using the slogan “One Team, One Country.”

The reality of the moment proved far more complicated than the image-making.

Apartheid’s gross human rights violations had long made South Africa an international pariah. In 1973, a UN resolution declared apartheid a “crime against humanity.” From 1964 to 1992, the country was banned from the Olympic Games, while its rugby team was kept out of the sport’s first two World Cups in ’87 and ’91. To Black South Africans, the historically white team—along with their green and gold colors and their Springbok mascot—had come to symbolize the nation’s oppressive minority white rule.

President Mandela saw rugby as a way to help lessen divisions between Black and white South Africans and foster a shared national pride. The sport had been a unifying force before, among the nation’s competing colonial forces. A 1906 Springbok tour of the British Isles proudly featured players from both sides in the bitter Boer War (1899-1902) between English and Afrikaners, including one player who had been imprisoned in a British concentration camp. To heal the wounds this time, Mandela—who had himself been jailed for 27 years for challenging the white minority-led apartheid system—had to first acknowledge and address the widespread pain and division apartheid had wrought.

READ MORE: U.N. Condemns Apartheid in South Africa

The Historic Connection Between Rugby and Apartheid

While racial segregation had been long practiced in South Africa, the official system of apartheid emerged in 1948, after the political ascendance of the Afrikaner National Party. Afrikaners, descendants of Dutch, German and French settlers who saw themselves as a chosen people, worked to shape a government that favored the white minority. Under apartheid, the Black majority population was moved to segregated townships in conditions of brutal poverty, excluded from any role in national politics and denied jobs beyond those involving unskilled labor. In 1953, the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act passed, officially segregating all public areas in South Africa—including the rugby pitch.

The Afrikaner National Party had deep ties to the rugby team, which had fielded an all-white roster for its first 90 years. The party embraced the team’s success as its own, and players sometimes used the team as a springboard into party positions.

“The National Party envisioned the Springbok symbol [a native antelope] as a representation of the values and characteristics of the Afrikaner people,” wrote Simon Pinsky in an essay published in South African History Online. “In their minds, allowing Black players to don the sacred jersey was a step toward the erosion of these values. The Springbok had come to symbolize more than rugby excellence to the hard-line Afrikaner—it had come to symbolize racial superiority.”

READ MORE: The Harsh Reality of Life Under Apartheid in South Africa

Truth, Reconciliation and Rugby

In 1995, five years after walking out of prison and one year after being elected the nation’s first Black president, Mandela formed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate apartheid-related crimes. The hope of the commission was that full disclosure of the truth about the era’s atrocities would lead to healing in the racially divided nation.

Black South Africans wanted to destroy any symbols of the apartheid regime. High on the list: the Springbok, which had been the rugby team’s mascot—and the sports emblem of apartheid’s National Party—since 1906. After the first free elections in 1994, all South African national teams had adopted a protea, the country’s national flower, as their emblem—except the rugby team. In a country where rugby was the great national pastime, the Springbok emblem with its green and gold colors wasn’t something many white South Africans were willing to give up.

READ MORE: Key Steps That Led to the End of Apartheid

Mandela Pursues a Larger Goal

Nelson Mandela at the final between South Africa and New Zealand in the 1995 Rugby Union World Cup in Johannesburg.
South African President Nelson Mandela showing his support for the historically white Springboks rugby squad at the 1995 Rugby Union World Cup final between South Africa and New Zealand in Johannesburg.Photo by Ross Kinnaird/EMPICS via Getty Images

Understanding this resistance to change, Mandela sought a conciliatory strategy that would allow Afrikaners to keep their treasured emblem as a means to an end: bringing the nation together.

“As far back as the 1960s, Mandela began studying Afrikaans, the language of the white South Africans who created apartheid,” wrote Richard Stengel in Time magazine on Mandela’s 90th birthday in 2008. “His comrades in the ANC [African National Congress] teased him about it, but he wanted to understand the Afrikaner’s worldview; he knew that one day he would be fighting them or negotiating with them, and either way, his destiny was tied to theirs.” In his 1994 inaugural speech, he voiced his vision of a “rainbow nation at peace with itself.”

So at the beginning of his first term, he invited Francois Pienaar, the team’s captain, to meet with him to discuss how the Springboks could help broker peace between the Black and white populations. Pienaar had grown up in an Afrikaner community, where Mandela’s name was associated with “terrorist” and “bad man.” To a Black crowd, Mandela said, “I ask you to stand by [these boys] because they are our kind.”

READ MORE: Nelson Mandela: His Written Legacy

Black Groups Criticize Mandela

Mandela’s conciliatory gestures to a harshly racist apartheid regime didn’t sit well with Black South Africans still dealing that regime’s legacy of oppression and violence. In the 1976 Soweto uprisings alone, police had killed hundreds of Black citizens and injured thousands.

After his 1994 election, Mandela came under fire from militant Black groups who believed his ruling party, the African National Congress, was too conciliatory to the former apartheid regime. One of his most vocal critics was his estranged wife, Winnie Mandela, who believed he focused more on appeasing whites than on ensuring rights for Black South Africans. While Mandela and the ANC listened to these critics, they continued to focus on reassuring the white minority that it wanted to build a strong working relationship. His appeals to Black South Africans were often framed through the lens of what their support could mean for his larger aims for the country.

“We have adopted these young men as our boys, as our own children, as our own stars,” he said during a visit to the Springbok training camp shortly before the start of the World Cup. “The country is fully behind them. I have never been so proud of our boys as I am now and I hope that that pride we all share.”

The 1995 Rugby World Cup Finals

South Africa's Joel Stransky drops the winning goal against New Zealand in the 1995 Rugby Union World Cup finals in Johannesburg, South Africa.
South Africa’s Joel Stransky (white shorts) drops the winning goal against New Zealand in the 1995 Rugby Union World Cup finals.Ross Kinnaird/EMPICS via Getty Images

Before the start of the 1995 World Cup Finals against New Zealand, a mostly white audience of 63,000 at Ellis Park sang along as the Springboks led a new national anthem. It combined words from the “Die Stem” (the apartheid-era anthem, which had been subject to earlier protest) and “Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika,” an old pan-African liberation hymn from the anti-apartheid movement. When Mandela appeared in the stadium wearing the Springbok green, the mostly Afrikaner crowd shouted, “Nelson, Nelson, Nelson!”

The game showcased Mandela’s work in the weeks leading up to the matches, setting the stage for a historic—and largely symbolic—show of national unity across the races for the whole world to see. In the match, the two teams finished regulation time tied 9-9 in a spirited match of archrivals. With seven minutes left in extra time, the South African team won with a drop goal by Joel Stransky to secure a 15-12 victory.

“The whole of South Africa erupted in celebration, Blacks as joyful as the whites,” wrote Martin Meredith in his biography, Mandela. “Never before had Blacks had cause to show such pride in the efforts of their white countrymen. It was a moment of national fusion that Mandela had done much to inspire.”

A Moment of Symbolic Unity, With a  Complicated Legacy

“When the final whistle blew, this country changed forever,” said team captain Pienaar years later, when Mandela died. While this may have been a gross overstatement to most Black South Africans who continued to suffer at the bottom rung of society in post-apartheid world, it reflected a deft effort by Mandela to use rugby to heal the nation’s wounds.

To many Black South Africans, the Springboks continue to represent a brutal apartheid regime. The team had just one Black player in the 1995 matches, and had only six in 2019 when it won the World Cup over England with its first Black captain, Siya Kolisi. “Just as Mandela’s gesture in 1995 was hailed as a metaphor for racial reconciliation in the nation, so rugby’s failure to transform is seen as a metaphor for disillusionment among Black people who gained political but not economic freedom,” wrote journalist David Smith in a 2015 Guardian column.

Still, Mandela’s efforts to use rugby to bring together a new nation struggling to heal its old wounds became one of his signal achievements as president of South Africa—and a sign of what could be done for good through the power of sport. In 2000 at the Laureus World Sports awards, Mandela said, “Sports has the power to change the world. Sport can create hope, where once there was only despair.” TAGSBLACK HISTORYSPORTS HISTORYBY FARRELL EVANS

FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn’t look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.

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Do you know the world experienced worse pandemics than Corona Virus.See how they came to an end.

History Stories

How 5 of History's Worst Pandemics Finally EndedUPDATED:JULY 28, 2021 ORIGINAL:MAR 17, 2020

How 5 of History’s Worst Pandemics Finally Ended

While some of the earliest pandemics faded by wiping out parts of the population, medical and public health initiatives were able to halt the spread of other diseases.DAVE ROOS

Christophel Fine Art/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

As human civilizations flourished, so did infectious disease. Large numbers of people living in close proximity to each other and to animals, often with poor sanitation and nutrition, provided fertile breeding grounds for disease. And new overseas trading routes spread the novel infections far and wide, creating the first global pandemics.

Here’s how five of the world’s worst pandemics finally ended.

1. Plague of Justinian—No One Left to Die

Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis, formerly pasteurella pestis, was the bacteria responsible for the plague. Here it’s seen under optical microscopy X 1000.BSIP/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

Three of the deadliest pandemics in recorded history were caused by a single bacterium, Yersinia pestis, a fatal infection otherwise known as the plague.

The Plague of Justinian arrived in Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, in 541 CE. It was carried over the Mediterranean Sea from Egypt, a recently conquered land paying tribute to Emperor Justinian in grain. Plague-ridden fleas hitched a ride on the black rats that snacked on the grain.

The plague decimated Constantinople and spread like wildfire across Europe, Asia, North Africa and Arabia killing an estimated 30 to 50 million people, perhaps half of the world’s population.

“People had no real understanding of how to fight it other than trying to avoid sick people,” says Thomas Mockaitis, a history professor at DePaul University. “As to how the plague ended, the best guess is that the majority of people in a pandemic somehow survive, and those who survive have immunity.”https://0e12e47a5d5ba6f0babd41b9f643477d.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

2. Black Death—The Invention of Quarantine

A couple suffering from the blisters of the Black Death, the bubonic plague that swept through Europe in the Middle Ages. From the Swiss manuscript the Toggenburg Bible, 1411. 
A couple suffering from the blisters of the Black Death, the bubonic plague that swept through Europe in the Middle Ages. From the Swiss manuscript the Toggenburg Bible, 1411. VCG Wilson/Corbis/Getty Images

The plague never really went away, and when it returned 800 years later, it killed with reckless abandon. The Black Death, which hit Europe in 1347, claimed an astonishing 200 million lives in just four years.

As for how to stop the disease, people still had no scientific understanding of contagion, says Mockaitis, but they knew that it had something to do with proximity. That’s why forward-thinking officials in Venetian-controlled port city of Ragusa decided to keep newly arrived sailors in isolation until they could prove they weren’t sick.

At first, sailors were held on their ships for 30 days, which became known in Venetian law as a trentino. As time went on, the Venetians increased the forced isolation to 40 days or a quarantino, the origin of the word quarantine and the start of its practice in the Western world.

“That definitely had an effect,” says Mockaitis.

READ MORE: How Rats and Fleas Spread the Black Death

3. The Great Plague of London—Sealing Up the Sick

Scenes in the streets of London during the Great Plague of 1665.
Scenes in the streets of London during the Great Plague of 1665.The Print Collector/Getty Images

London never really caught a break after the Black Death. The plague resurfaced roughly every 10 years from 1348 to 1665—40 outbreaks in just over 300 years. And with each new plague epidemic, 20 percent of the men, women and children living in the British capital were killed.https://0e12e47a5d5ba6f0babd41b9f643477d.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

By the early 1500s, England imposed the first laws to separate and isolate the sick. Homes stricken by plague were marked with a bale of hay strung to a pole outside. If you had infected family members, you had to carry a white pole when you went out in public. Cats and dogs were believed to carry the disease, so there was a wholesale massacre of hundreds of thousands of animals.

The Great Plague of 1665 was the last and one of the worst of the centuries-long outbreaks, killing 100,000 Londoners in just seven months. All public entertainment was banned and victims were forcibly shut into their homes to prevent the spread of the disease. Red crosses were painted on their doors along with a plea for forgiveness: “Lord have mercy upon us.”

As cruel as it was to shut up the sick in their homes and bury the dead in mass graves, it may have been the only way to bring the last great plague outbreak to an end.

4. Smallpox—A European Disease Ravages the New World

Dr. Edward Jenner performing his first vaccination against smallpox on James Phipps, circa 1796.
Dr. Edward Jenner performing his first vaccination against smallpox on James Phipps, circa 1796.DEA Picture Library/Getty Images

Smallpox was endemic to Europe, Asia and Arabia for centuries, a persistent menace that killed three out of ten people it infected and left the rest with pockmarked scars. But the death rate in the Old World paled in comparison to the devastation wrought on native populations in the New World when the smallpox virus arrived in the 15th century with the first European explorers.

The indigenous peoples of modern-day Mexico and the United States had zero natural immunity to smallpox and the virus cut them down by the tens of millions.

“There hasn’t been a kill off in human history to match what happened in the Americas—90 to 95 percent of the indigenous population wiped out over a century,” says Mockaitis. “Mexico goes from 11 million people pre-conquest to one million.”

Centuries later, smallpox became the first virus epidemic to be ended by a vaccine. In the late 18th-century, a British doctor named Edward Jenner discovered that milkmaids infected with a milder virus called cowpox seemed immune to smallpox. Jenner famously inoculated his gardener’s 8-year-old son with cowpox and then exposed him to the smallpox virus with no ill effect.

“[T]he annihilation of the smallpox, the most dreadful scourge of the human species, must be the final result of this practice,” wrote Jenner in 1801.

And he was right. It took nearly two more centuries, but in 1980 the World Health Organization announced that smallpox had been completely eradicated from the face of the Earth.

READ MORE: How an African Slave in Boston Helped Save Generations from Smallpox

5. Cholera—A Victory for Public Health Research

A satirical cartoon showing the River Thames and its offspring cholera, scrofula and diptheria, circa 1858.
A satirical cartoon showing the River Thames and its offspring cholera, scrofula and diptheria, circa 1858.Hulton Archive/Getty Images

In the early- to mid-19th century, cholera tore through England, killing tens of thousands. The prevailing scientific theory of the day said that the disease was spread by foul air known as a “miasma.” But a British doctor named John Snow suspected that the mysterious disease, which killed its victims within days of the first symptoms, lurked in London’s drinking water.https://0e12e47a5d5ba6f0babd41b9f643477d.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

Snow acted like a scientific Sherlock Holmes, investigating hospital records and morgue reports to track the precise locations of deadly outbreaks. He created a geographic chart of cholera deaths over a 10-day period and found a cluster of 500 fatal infections surrounding the Broad Street pump, a popular city well for drinking water.

“As soon as I became acquainted with the situation and extent of this irruption (sic) of cholera, I suspected some contamination of the water of the much-frequented street-pump in Broad Street,” wrote Snow.

With dogged effort, Snow convinced local officials to remove the pump handle on the Broad Street drinking well, rendering it unusable, and like magic the infections dried up. Snow’s work didn’t cure cholera overnight, but it eventually led to a global effort to improve urban sanitation and protect drinking water from contamination.

While cholera has largely been eradicated in developed countries, it’s still a persistent killer in third-world countries lacking adequate sewage treatment and access to clean drinking water. 

READ MORE: Pandemics that Changed History

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10GALLERY

Tupac Facts: 22 Things You (Probably) Didn’t Know About The Legendary Rapper

Tupac’s all-too-short career is legendary, but it’s a few precise moments that made him into the extraordinary rapper, actor and personality that he was.

  1. Tupac Shakur1. Despite becoming a West Coast legend, Tupac wasn’t even born there…Tupac was actually born in East Harlem, New York City. This may seem surprising as he later helped to fuel a deadly feud between the East Coast and West Coast, with Pac choosing to rep the latter. He moved to California in 1988. Picture: Rex
  2. Tupac 1992 MTV Interview2. Tupac had some harsh words for Donald Trump back in 1992.In a unreleased interview with MTV Pac said: “Everybody’s taught that. You wanna be successful? You wanna be like Trump? Gimme gimme gimme, push push push push, step step step, crush crush crush. That’s how it all is… It’s too much money here. Nobody should be hitting the lotto for 36 million and we’ve got people starving in the streets. That’s not idealistic, that’s just real. That’s just stupid… There’s no way that these people should own planes and there are people who don’t have houses.​”
  3. Tupac Or Shakespeare?3. Believe it or not, studying Shakespeare would define Pac’s entire career.It certainly doesn’t sound like a conventional start for a rapper, but one of Tupac’s biggest influences was in fact Shakespeare. He studied the English writer when he attending the Baltimore School for the Arts and said: “I love Shakespeare. He wrote some of the rawest stories, man. I mean look at Romeo and Juliet. That’s some serious ghetto s**t.”
  4. Tupac Shakur Before they were famous 4. Before he was a famous rapper, Tupac was in ‘Digital Underground’.He went on to become possibly the most famous rapper in the world, but like most people Tupac has to work his way up the top spot. His career kicked off as a backup dancer and MC in the hip-hop group Digital Underground before he became a solo artist. Picture: Yearbook
  5. Biggie Tupac5. The beginning of Pac’s notorious fall-out with Biggie.Tupac and Biggie were the main agents in the notorious East Coast – West Coast beef. But before it started they were actually friends. The issues started when Biggie released ‘Who Shot Ya?’ – a song that Tupac interpreted as a dis song towards him. The track was the beginning of what went on to become the infamous hip-hop coastal war and shaped the music Tupac made from that moment on.
  6. Tupac 1994 MTV interview6. Tupac predicted: “I will spark the brain that will change the world.”In one of his most extraordinary interviews Tupac ever gave, with MTV in 1994, the rapper came out with the line that would go on to be the most quoted Tupac statement of all time: “I’m not saying I’m going to rule the world or I’m going to change the world. But I guarantee I will spark the brain that will change the world. That’s our job – to spark somebody else watching us.”
  7. Jhene Aiko Tupac7. Tupac was arrested for sexually assaulting a woman.The victim alleged that Shakur and his entourage raped her in a hotel room. Pac denied the charges, but was sentenced to 1.5 to 4.5 years in prison. He served nine months in total from February 14, 1995 at the Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora, New York. Picture: MTV
  8. Tupac Shakur8. Swapping talent for freedom in 2Pac’s legendary deal with Suge Knight.When Tupac was in prison in 1995 it was music producer Suge Knight and Jimmy Iovine who paid the hefty $1.4 million bail to get him released, as Tupac couldn’t afford to pay it himself. In return Tupac contractually agreed to make three albums under Death Row Records.
  9. Tupac9. The controversy surrounding Tupac’s song lyrics.Tupac often wrote lyrics about issues including racism, police brutality, poverty and politics. His album ‘2Pacalypse Now’ was one of his most political works and a defining moment in his career came as a result of it when it was claimed the album influenced a youth in Texas to shoot a state trooper. Then US Vice President Dan Quayle publicly criticised Tupac at the time, saying: “There’s no reason for a record like this to be released. It has no place in our society.”
  10. 2pacalypse now10. The release of his first album ‘2Pacalypse Now’.In ’91 Tupac released his first album 2Pacalypse now. The album didn’t generate any top 10 hits and didn’t find the success that many think it did. Nonetheless, it was a defining moment of 2Pac’s career and proved influential in the creation of the next generation of rappers including Nas, Eminem and Game, who all said it inspired their music.
  11. Tupac Shakur11. Tupac broke into the mainstream with the release of his second album in ’93.Tupac may not have found the success he hoped for with his first album but his second studio album broke him into the mainstream when it was released in 1993. The album spawned singles ‘Keep Ya Hear Up’ and ‘I Get Around’ and eventually reached platinum status.
  12. Kiss and Tupac12. “We need to shock the people, so let’s shock the people!”That’s what Tupac told the Grammys crowd in 1996 before being joined on stage by the reunited Kiss, who were in full costume for the first time in 15 years. Picture: Getty
  13. Tupac Shakur13. Forming the group ‘Thug Life.’In 1994 Tupac formed the hip-hop group ‘Thug Life’ consisting of Syke Stretch, Mopreme Shakur, The Rated R, Macadoshis and Kato. The group only released one album ‘Thug Life: Volume 1’ – which sold gold. To mark the formation of the band Tupac had the infamous ‘Thug Life’ tattoo inked across his stomach. Picture: Getty
  14. Tupac and Jada Pinkett14. Tupac and a very close friendship with Jada Pinkett (now Jada Pinkett Smith).In the documentary Tupac: Resurrection, Shakur says, “Jada is my heart. She will be my friend for my whole life.” Jada also calls him “one of my best friends. He was like a brother. It was beyond friendship for us. The type of relationship we had, you only get that once in a lifetime.” Jada has since denied there was any romance between the pair.
  15. 2Pac All Eyez on me 15. The release of ‘All Eyez On Me’.Tupac’s 1996 album, featuring some of his most populars singles including ‘How Do U Want It’ and ‘California Love’ went on to become one of the most acclaimed albums in 90’s rap. It was 5x certified platinum after just two months and 9x platinum after just two years.
  16. Hip hop movie soundtracks16. Getting a name on the big screen in his breakout film ‘Juice.’Tupac had been acting since he was a kid but his breakout-acting role was in the 1992 American Crime Drama ‘Juice.’ Tupac played Roland Bishop, a troubled teen that turns into a murderous sociopath. Two years later Tupac starred in ‘Above The Rim,’ for which he also contributed to the soundtrack with ‘Pour Out A Little Liqour.’
  17. Tupac Shakur17. More music has been released since Tupac’s death than when he was alive.Shakur has sold over 75 million records worldwide, with the bulk of that coming after his death; seven of his 11 platinum albums were released posthumously.
  18. Snoop Dogg Tupac 1996 MTV Awards18. Snoop Dogg and Tupac’s on off relationship.Snoop and Tupac were often seen out together, they were close. But Snoop recently confirmed that his last encounter with Pac wasn’t a good one. After being asked in an interview how he felt about Biggie and Puff, Snoop called them his ‘Homeboys.’ Tupac clearly felt betrayed by this, as the next time he saw Snoop he totally ignored him. That was the pair’s last encounter before Tupac died.
  19. Tupac California Love Video19. The release of California Love.The first single 2Pac released, as a part of his death with Death Row Records was ‘California Love.’ Note the Dr Dre produced track hears Tupac rap “Out on bail, fresh out of jail, California dreamin”. The track went on to become his most successful and probably his most loved.
  20. Tupac Coachella With Snoop Doog20. The moment Snoop Dogg was joined by a Tupac hologram at Coachella.In 2012 the Coachella audience didn’t know how to react when Tupac was presented right before their eyes in a hologram form. He performed alongside Dr Dre and Snoop Dogg, making history even after his death.
  21. Tupac Shakur21. Meeting Joshua and creating ‘Joshua’s Dream.’In 1993 Tupac received a letter from the parents of a dying boy named Joshua. They said it was Joshua’s dying wish to meet Tupac. Tupac flew to Maryland to meet Joshua and took him to a basketball game. The boy obviously made a huge impact on Tupac, as soon after Joshua’s death Tupac renamed his publishing company from Ghetto Gospel Music to Joshua’s Dream.
  22. Tupac Shakur22. Fuelling the fire in the infamous East Coast/ West Coast beef.Tupac was not happy with Biggie and he made it known on 1996 single ‘Hit ‘Em Up,’ when he took shots at his former friend and a ton of other East Coast rappers including Puff Daddy. The most notorious lyric was Tupac claiming that he had slept with Biggie’s wife, Faith Evans. Tupac was killed three months after its release.
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Top 10 countries with the worst education system in Africa

by Contributor5th March 2021 in EDUCATION Reading Time: 7 mins readA AShare on FacebookShare on TwitterJoin @Biznake on Telegram

Worst education system in Africa: The United Nations’ Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) Educational Development Index (EDI) tends to attract most attention for the countries that perform at the very top. First-world and OECD countries are lauded for the strength of their education systems, the level at which their populations are developing, and much is made of who may have moved up or down within the top 10. Unsurprisingly, these top countries consist mostly of Scandinavian and Nordic countries – Norway is currently ranked number 1 under the Human Development Index (HDI) while the bottom half of the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) report is heavily populated by countries from the developing world.

One factor studied in the HDI is the Education Index. The UNDP ranks countries through a series of parameters that lets us know just how good – or bad – a country’s education system really is. All the way at the very bottom you’ll find that the entries are almost invariably African; a stark reminder, if any were needed, of the abysmal social conditions and living standards within the continent.

READ MORE: Thousands taking 133 useless university degree courses in Kenya

Rentier states are countries wherein the government’s lucrative sales of national resources mean they forego tax revenue – revenue that would normally fund national social programs and policies. Many familiar with this phenomenon know it as the ‘Resource Curse,’ and are aware that it’s a problem that tends to afflict – but is not limited to – former-colonial, developing countries. These resources can be anything from coffee, minerals, and crops, to diamonds, gold, or the big resource on campus – oil. This type of state rentierism is a hallmark of governments in South America, Africa, and the Middle East, that tend to be up to their ears in natural resources with very little regulation.https://79c07c25ae25377d1fdeba7dba6bb077.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

African states have suffered from this problem, with natural resources fueling or even sparking civil and interstate wars. The blood diamonds funding the rebels in Sierra Leone is just one stark example. In states riddled with much larger problems, such as child soldiers, civil wars, genocide, corruption, and widespread tribal conflict, it might seem understandable that education falls by the wayside. But many people on the world stage believe that education is the ‘key’ to the growth of the developing world and that it is an indispensible resource that cannot be ignored. Below is a list of ten countries with the worst education levels in the world. Let’s hope that sometime in the future, things start looking up for countries like…

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10. Angola (0.685 EDI)

Tenth on the list with an Education Development Index of 0.685 is Angola. With the highest Adult Literacy Rate (ALR) on this list of 70.1%, Angola still clearly stands head and shoulders above its continental compatriots on this list. In fact, Angola has increased efforts to improve the national education system in accordance with UNESCO’s ‘Education for All’ program, and hopes to achieve its goals by 2015. Currently the United Kingdom’s Chatham House has proposed joint efforts to help the coastal African nation achieve and surpass the initiative’s proposed target of a 2015 completion date.

Unfortunately, ranking 111th in the UNESCO EDI still means that the education system in Angola is in dire straits.

9. Gambia (0.677 EDI)

Next up there’s Gambia with an EDI score of 0.677, and Adult Literacy Rate of 50 % (the eleventh lowest in the world). In Gambia, there is only a 4.1% Tertiary Enrollment Ratio for the national education system which consists of a whopping 574 schools. The Gambian president Yahya Jammeh was recently quoted as stating that ‘Gays are vermin’ while at a recent UN address, a comment which might serve to illuminate the current state of the country’s development. According to President Jammeh, Gambia is fighting gays “the same way we are fighting malaria-causing mosquitoes” and LGBT could only stand for “Leprosy, Gonorrhea, Bacteria and Tuberculosis”. Perhaps once national education is given a higher priority on the national agenda, the country’s leaders could find themselves more enlightened to the blight of oppressed groups in their country.

8. Zambia (0.654 EDI)

At the 8th position is Zambia. In Zambia, there are three universities and several technical schools that provide higher education. The Ministry of Science and Technology and vocational Training (MSTVT) in Zambia was also developed in 1992 to foster growth in technological fields. Educational opportunities beyond secondary school are limited in Zambia. After secondary school, most students study at the various colleges, around the country. Normally they all select students on the basis of ability; competition for places is intense.

7. Guinea (0.634 EDI)

Guinea’s 114 ranking in UNESCO’s Education analysis gives a pretty clear picture of education in the West African country. It’s Adult Literacy Rate of 41% is the tenth lowest in the world, and there is an abysmally low ‘Satisfaction with Education Quality’ ranking of 3 in their HDI ranking. Currently, the country is witnessing protests throughout the capital city of Conakry following a series of power cuts that affected the poorest sections of the population. Guinean citizens have begun protesting through the streets and have even ransacked government buildings in the ensuing riots. Ongoing social unrest like this means the government’s – and students’ focus – is far from educational improvement.

6. Eritrea (0.623 EDI)

Coming in 6th is Eritrea – ranked 115st in the world – boasting one of the highest adult literacy rates on this list with a 67.8% ALR. Things can’t be so bad, right? Think again. The country’s Tertiary Enrollment ratio was a dismal 2% and the country has a Gross Primary Enrollment ratio of 45% – the lowest on this list. The former Ethiopian province is currently going through a bit of a scandal as the government has been forcing Eritrean expatriates living in Britain to pay a 2% “Diaspora tax”. The dictatorship in Eritrea has caused a massive diaspora to flee the country, and it was recently reported that many Eritrean refugees have been found in slave and torture camps while in Egypt and Sudan.

5. Ethiopia (0.622 EDI) – Worst education system in Africa

Ethiopia brings us to number 5 with a 0.622 EDI – barely nudging out Eritrea by 0.001 – and an ALR of 39%; the 5th lowest in the world. With some of the lowest educational statistics in the world, the system in Ethiopia looks bleak for the country’s schoolchildren.

With a Gross Enrollment Ratio of 5.5%, the situation would seem almost hopeless but a recent World Bank publication states that the WB’s Board of Executive Directors has “approved major financing for Ethiopia to transform the quality of its teaching and learning for more than 21 million children in primary and secondary schools”. The project will receive US $550 million of investment towards their goal of increasing educational quality in the country. Hopefully the project is successful and Ethiopia can find its way out of the bottom rungs of international education rankings.

4. Central African Republic (0.617 EDI) – Worst education system in Africa

4th last in UNESCO’s Education ranking is the Central African Republic. Their 56.6% adult literacy rate only makes them 19th last in the world, but their education levels may be taking a back seat to the mass exodus taking place within the country that some are calling an “ethnic cleansing”. The country is currently engulfed in internal violence with “people killed by machetes, torture, lynchings, shootings, explosion and burning”. The religious clash has killed thousands and displaced millions since the beginning of the violence in 2012. Despite the violence, UN officials are still pushing for increased education efforts in the country and are aiming to improve education levels amongst refugees.

3. Mali (0.612 EDI) – Worst education system in Africa

Mali comes in at number 3 with a 31.1% adult literacy rate making it the second lowest on this list. 2012 saw massive amounts of internal violence within the country when the nomadic Tuareg tribe took control in the northern part of the country while making a push for independence from the central Malian state. The violence has since slowed but is far from ending anytime soon. Recently, incidents in the country have included a mine being overrun by gunmen, landmine victims, and the members of the Malian military being found in shallow graves outside the capital.

2. Burkina Faso (0.594 EDI) – Worst education system in Africa

Tied for the lowest adult literacy rate on this list is Burkina Faso with an ALR of 27.7%. The poor education levels don’t stop there for Burkina Faso with only 2% of the Adult Population having a secondary education. It gets even worse when their stats are scrutinized a little further – their gross enrollment ratio is a concerning 3.3%. Citizens of Burkina Faso began rallying as early as January of this year in protest of the autocratic regime currently in place. Protestors are looking to achieve a full democracy by ousting their current leader Zephirin Diabre. If this sounds a little unfamiliar to you, you’re not alone – most Western media outlets have paid the protests next to no attention throughout the crisis. Diabre is accused of large-scale embezzlement and stealing funds from the public for his own personal accounts.

1. Niger (0.528 EDI) – Worst education system in Africa

Oil-rich and regionally powerful Niger tops has the lowest education level in the world today. Tied for the lowest adult literacy rate on this list at 28.7%, the educational situation in Niger is bleak. The population in the country with a secondary education? 5.1%. The gross enrollment ratio? 1.5%. There is no civil war, a minimal influx of refugees from neighbouring countries and a relatively stable political system in comparison to many African countries. Yet unfortunately, Niger is consistently at the bottom of UN indexes for almost every category of analysis – Adult Literacy Rate, Education Development Index, and Human Development Index.ShareTweetSendShare

GK Fact: Know the 5 places across the world that have No Gravity (Zero Gravity)

GK Fact: Know the 5 places across the world that have No Gravity (Zero Gravity)

Publish Date: 22 Jul, 2021 | Author: Amir Phil Adam

Zero gravity spots in World:

We all have at a certain point in our life would have heard about the word “Gravity”. Well, Gravity is a force that holds the sun and other objects and planets in the solar system. It is also the force that holds us and everything on the surface of the earth and pulls objects towards the center of the Earth.  

In a layman’s language, gravity is an invisible force that attracts objects towards each other. And hence, if you bend more, there are chances that you may fall, but considering the places with no gravitational force, a person will never fall, even after bending much. So, with this, we hope that your concept about gravity is clear, hence, we in this article further, will know about “5 Places on Earth with no gravity.”

1. Mystery Spot, Santa Cruz California:

no gravity

In 1939, this place was discovered by a group of surveyors and was opened to the general public in 1940 by George Prather. A circular area of around 150 square feet, the place is claimed to have some different type of irregularity in the magnetic field and is called Mystery Spot. Visiting the place, you may witness water flowing in an upward direction, changes in the size of people and things, deflection of magnetic compasses at certain angles and even you can stand at certain angles without falling down.

2. St. Ignace Mystery Spot, Michigan:

no gravity

The place was found by a group of surveyors in the 1950s when suddenly their devices stopped working. This Mystery Spot is spread across 300 square feet and even animals hold back from visiting this place. Some irregular phenomena such as standing on the wall, keeping a chair on the wall with two feet of the chair on the wall, and the other two in the air. Staying here for long, your head will feel like it’s getting lighter. 

3. Cosmos Mystery Area, Rapid City:

no gravity

The place has some trees mysteriously bowed, and you can stand here without falling at an angle. Some other weird phenomena such as ball going upward and when you yourself go upwards, the place feels to have changed.

4. Spook Hill, Florida:

no gravity

The place is a gravity hill where seems to roll up the spooky hill which is an optical illusion. Even after turning off your vehicle, you will experience that it is being pulled up towards the mountain. During the time when Native Americans lost their land to settlers, the pioneer mail risers noticed their horses struggling downhill, and hence named the spot “Spook Hill”. 

5. Magnetic Hill, Leh:

no gravity

A small route that stretches for about 30 km from Leh towards Kargil, is known as the Magnetic Hill of Ladakh. People usually experience that while turning off the engine of their vehicles and keeping it in neutral gear, some weird force pulls the vehicle up the hill and the vehicles even go up to 20 kilometers per hour while moving. It is believed that a magnetic force is pulling the car uphill, and hence, even the aircrafts passing from the region fly at a higher altitude to avoid magnetic interferences.

Copyright © 2021

Top 30 Sites for Online Education and Learning

Top 30 Sites for Online Education and Learning

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AmirP.Adam,July 13, 2021 15 Min

The world is constantly changing and growing, and so are all the wonderful things to learn in it. From changing perspectives on history and studies of people to the world of deep AI and computer science, there’s more to know than ever before.

When you’re out of school, however, it can be hard to find places to learn new things, create new skills, and expand your horizons. The Internet is helping to solve this by making courses and training easier to find than ever before. Online classes are the perfect way for most to continue their education and we’ve put together a list of sources to help you find the best fit for you.

Here are 30 of the best online learning sites, offering a mix of free and paid classes, courses, training, certificates, and much more.

1. Academic Earth

Academic Earth is a collection of free online college courses from some of the world’s leading universities and colleges. On its site you’ll be able to find specific courses in many subjects as well as search by university. It collects playlists and video groups to help you learn from many different services, too.

Academic Earth is a smart search tool and a good place to start your journey. It collects many free courses from around the world, so you may click on a lesson plan and be taken to another partner on our list, such as MIT OpenCourseWare.

2. Alison Learning Paths

Alison offers free online courses created by experts in various fields. You’ll find a mix of educators and entrepreneurs creating this content. Some are sponsored by different companies to help with very specific projects such as applying for different types of certifications and exams. Classes fall under a few major categories such as marketing, health, humanities, science, and technology. Some of the more advanced classes do have a cost, but the service offers many free online learning paths designed to give you the groundwork to earning a diploma elsewhere.

3. Better Explained

For people who want to learn math and how it is applied in the real world, Better Explained offers interesting classes, articles, and lessons. Individual lessons are generally free and so are online course texts. You can purchase “complete” courses that come with PDF versions of textbooks, video lessons, more quizzes, and invitations to webinars when they occur.

Courses cover a wide range of study areas and complexities, plus some specific places where math rules guide computer programming and web development.

4. Bloc

Focused on web development, Bloc is a more intensive option for those who want to learn quickly. Instead of short courses or lectures, this highly structured program runs for 25 hours per week over several months. With tuition starting at $8,500, bloc.io doesn’t come cheap—but it does offer a great option for those who are ready to commit to a career change.

It presently offers learning focused specifically on building skills in two tracks: web design or web development.

5. Canvas Network

Canvas Network provides educators access to professional development courses and programs, and some of its courses are also open to the public. You can sign up with just an email and access a wide range of content and lessons. Its content is also available under an open license, so if you want to ultimately create your own content and lesson plans, you can utilize what Canvas makes available in some cases.

Canvas offers courses and tools in a variety of languages, making it open and more accessible than some other options in our list.

6. Codecademy

Previously backed by the White House, Codecademy is dedicated to teaching people how to code. The free service helped more than 45 million people in its first seven years and has stuck with its fast-paced teaching method designed to keep you moving and stay encouraged with supportive groups and a gamified points system. There are free courses as well as a paid Pro Membership that offers more direct guidance and support for creating a real-world portfolio that you can use to jumpstart a freelance career.

The school offers courses on a number of languages—including PHP, Python and Ruby—and students are often already building and deploying projects by the time they finish their course.

7. Coursera

Coursera is perhaps the biggest name in online courses and education. It has a global roster of universities and partners to offer more than 3,900 specialized courses. Much of the service is available for free, or you can use it to earn an online degree from an accredited university.

Software companies have also added many of their certification lessons and exams to Coursera, which can help you with things like database management and using enterprise resource planning (ERP) tools. In 2020, it partnered with Disney and Pixar to celebrate the film Soul with a curated set of courses to learn creative arts and careers.

Between its free courses, paid degrees, and membership programs, Coursera likely offers the largest number of classes, courses, and accreditation support of any on our list.

8. Drawspace

For creatives, Drawspace offers full courses and individual lessons to help you master different drawing techniques. It provides a mix of content that is free or paid. You can learn the basics of drawing and painting all the way through advanced elements, drawing people, and even techniques such as creating art with tea bags or making your own colors.

If you want to become an artist, Drawspace includes some lessons on working as a visual artist, how to get past an artist’s block, and even how to teach art to others.

9. edX

edX is an online learning platform founded by Harvard and MIT and it has taught more than 20 million people since its launch. It’s a global non-profit organization and features courses from teachers and universities all over the planet in topics such as computer science, languages, engineering, psychology, writing, electronics, biology, and marketing. Most courses are free, though you can also pay for a verification certificate that attests you’ve completed a course.

You can also use the platform to start researching degree programs.

10. Harvard Online Courses

If you’re interested in studying about business development or STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), Harvard University has made some of its courses and special projects available online. The Harvard Online Courses program gives you a mix of programs that are free or have a fee — ranging from $25 to a few thousand dollars. Topics vary from the latest in computing trends to learning how early explorers navigated using the stars or even real estate development for a post-COVID world.

Most courses are self-paced and include both lectures from Harvard professors and additional study materials. Every piece of audio or video content comes with a transcript to provide greater accessibility. While Harvard has put thousands of courses online over the years, it offers only a few hundred at any given time. This means most courses have registration deadlines.

11. General Assembly

Focusing on education in design, business, and technology, General Assembly has campuses in more than 30 cities around the world plus a comprehensive online education experience. It offers a mix of full-time and part-time classes online plus workshops, free training, and coding events.

Traditionally, many of its offerings are in-person or are a mix of online and in-person options. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, it added livestream and online options for every event it runs. Many moved online-only, and the company says it expects to expand online classes going forward because of the response to its digital tools.

General Assembly livestreams popular lectures and provides real-time interaction with the lecturer and other students. Costs vary if your choices are one-off lectures or multi-part workshops.

12. GFC Global

The GCFLearnFree.org program is an educational tool from the Goodwill Community Foundation (GCF) Global initiative. It has been offering classes for nearly 20 years and is primarily focused on essential business skills to help people find work. You’ll also discover life skills around finances, freelance work, Internet and computer skills, and creative hobbies.

If you want to learn a core work computer program—getting as specific as learning the differences between Office 2019, 2016, and 2013—this is likely the strongest resource on our list. The service currently offers more than 2,000 lessons on 200 topics, all for free.

13. Hack Design

Hack Design is a design course program designed to help you create a career in design and then continue to grow. Its main offering is a weekly design lesson delivered via email. Most content is free, and they do provide a curated list of fundamental courses in its Lessons 101 offering.

One thing to note is that Hack Designs does not always follow a traditional course. Because its teachers often come from design firms, some lessons are put in the form of blog posts and other materials hosted on the websites of those firms. That said, you’ll get access to talented thought leaders and new experiences, such as games to help you test your kerning ability.

14. HTML Dog

If you want to learn HTML, a great place to start is HTML Dog. The site offers free tutorials, techniques, and examples of web content in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. HTML Dog is focused on helping you get a website up and running, so much of the content is step-by-step guides and references to perform a specific task.

This option is a great free way to polish your skills or get help with a specific issue you’re experiencing on a website. However, it doesn’t dive deep into theory or feature long explanations of computer science in general.

15. Instructables

Learning is fun when it’s hands-on is the approach that Instructables takes. This website is designed specifically to showcase projects where people build physical items, including food. You’ll learn fundamental engineering and even advanced electronics. From turning old linens into ropes and old coins into rings all the way to creating drones or coding a 3D game, there’s plenty to discover. Projects are mostly submitted by users and hobbyists, so available topics often lean toward pop culture, such as creating props and costumes for characters of popular video games.

16. iTunes U

If you have Apple products or an account, the company’s iTunes U is a collection of courses and lectures from leading universities. Part of its iTunes software, you can access courses by topic or university. In many cases, you’ll be able to get audio and video of lectures, have access to some books and materials, and even download quizzes with answer keys.

Some schools now use iTunes U as part of their online classes, allowing people to ask questions and teachers to respond, plus submit work and receive grades.

17.iversity

Hailed as the “Coursera of Europe,” Berlin-based iversity has partnered with European and international universities to offer academic courses for free. The company has recently added certificates and verification of course completion for most of its classes, allowing students to verify course participation and learnings with an official document. Costs vary and there are a few free options as well.

Businesses can now partner with iversity to train their workforce or you can take classes specific to a type of work, organization, or software. If Du sprichst Deutsch or Tu parles Français, this service could be a great help.

18. Khan Academy

Khan Academy is a non-profit online platform providing a completely free library of educational “micro-lectures.” Focusing on more traditional academic subjects, Khan Academy provides a mix of video and text-based materials in math, science, economics, humanities, and a bit of computer programming. Since Khan Academy is free for anyone to use, it’s a great way to get a taste for a subject before moving onto a more advanced course elsewhere.

The organization has expanded its online services for school-age students significantly due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and learners of all ages can benefit from the growth in content, lesson plans, and more.

19. Lifehack

Lifehack is a learning tool focused on making the most of your life by “hacking” it to achieve more or accomplish things easier. It offers free assessments, books, and classes plus a podcast video series. Courses revolve around a specific philosophy that the company created to promote a specific type of lifestyle. You can start with free options on things such as how to stop procrastinating and how to be more motivated in your daily life.

Of the items on our list, this resource is focused more on how you live and learn instead of learning a specific subject, skill, or trade.

20. LinkedIn Learning (formerly Lynda.com)

In 2020, veteran online educator, Lynda.com became LinkedIn Learning. With subscriptions starting at $19.99 per month, LinkedIn Learning offers an extensive video skills and tutorial library. Your subscription also includes LinkedIn’s Premium Career features so it can be useful for growing your career.

The service is largely focused on technology skills like programming in multiple languages. You’ll need a LinkedIn account, and the company says that it will both provide courses and make recommendations based on your current job, skills, and what professionals like you are learning.

21. MIT OpenCourseWare

The MIT OpenCourseWare project offers a broad set of courses for you to browse however you want. You don’t need to enroll or even sign up for an account. Available courses include the syllabus and instructional materials you need—many even offer free online versions of the textbooks mentioned by the teachers.

There are undergraduate and graduate-level courses in business, energy, fine arts, the humanities, math, science, teaching, and more. You can also sort by audio and video classes if you find that type of content easier to use and more engaging.

22. Open Culture

Open Culture is a website that collects online education materials and supports lifelong learning with free classes, audio, and video. The non-profit looks across the Internet to find free learning resources and gathers them so they’re easy for you to browse, sort, and find something you want to learn. It currently lists more than 1,500 free courses, predominantly from universities.

For some of its classes, you can choose to receive a credit or certificate for completing the class. This option does come with a price and Open Culture earns an affiliate fee from the place that hosts the course, such as Coursera or edX.

23. Open Learning Initiative

Carnegie Mellon University puts most of its classes online and there’s a free section available to anyone. The “independent learner courses” under its Open Learning Initiative are free for anyone. Once you find a course you want to take, you’ll need to create an account and add it to your list of courses. From there, you get a great dashboard that shows your “Open & Free” course options and will track the status of the classwork you perform.

You’ll find resources from business management and computer programming to learning better study and research habits to more traditional courses such as general chemistry, engineering statistics, environmental technology, and more. Free courses focus on STEM content, but you’ll find some paid plans for other subjects, such as French.

24. Open Yale Courses

Yale University makes a broad range of its lectures and classes available through the Open Yale Courses program. Each course includes a full set of class lecture videos featuring Yale professors, as well as course materials including syllabi, suggested readings, exams, problem sets, and answer keys. There were dozens of courses available at the time of writing this and Yale says it regularly rotates available classes and adds new options. Many courses are foundational and introductory reviews of broad areas of study, such as biology, physics, and political science.

25. Oxford University Podcasts

Oxford University has put many of its lecture series online in the form of podcasts. These free courses typically feature multiple episodes and sometimes multiple professors. You can find everything from biology and gardening to philosophy and business or even global politics, history, and archaeology.

The service offers multiple ways to get these podcasts and videos, whether you watch online, download, or access through a partner service. If you find one you love, you can even embed it on your own website.

26. Skillcrush

Skillcrush is a coding-focused learning company that offers free and paid classes in areas like design, user experience, digital marketing, and HTML coding. The company offers an ongoing free coding bootcamp to help people learn the basics and then charges for more in-depth classes with hands-on support. It is designed for people new to computer science and coding, so there’s no requirement for prior experience or an existing coding knowledge.

27. Skillshare

Skillshare is a community marketplace for new skills and there’s a good chance it has sponsored your favorite independent artists, YouTubers, or podcasters. With a broad range of different subjects to choose from, Skillshare offers an online catalog of video-based courses, as well as in-person workshops in multiple cities.

Many classes are available to take without a membership and for free. Some classes do have a cost as these teachers use online training as their source of income. You can pay for them individually or get access with a premium membership. Memberships cost either $19 per month or $99 per year and will make paid programs either free or reduce their cost.

28. Stanford Engineering Everywhere

Stanford Engineering Everywhere (SEE) expands the Stanford experience to students and educators online and at no charge. Classes can be streamed or downloaded. Courses are focused on engineering and include the courses taken by the majority of Stanford’s undergraduates. There are also advanced options on AI and linear system optimization.

29. Udacity

Udacity is a platform with a strong focus on technology, with a small but well-crafted selection of courses. If you’re looking to break into data science, AI, or cloud computing, Udacity’s data science program has an impressive roster of teachers from companies like Salesforce and Facebook.

Udacity’s pricing structure allows you to pay monthly for your courses as part of what it calls a “nano degree.” Generally, these cost $339 per month or you can pay for multiple months at a time to save a little. Classes come with real-world projects, tech support, and career services.

30. Udemy

Udemy is an established personal learning company that offers courses ranging from $10 to $500 depending on the class and teacher. Most are inexpensive, but as the subject matter gets more specialized or complex, costs can quickly scale. It’s a bit more expensive compared to the other platforms on our list once you start taking multiple classes.

One of the nicest elements of Udemy is that it offers a wide range of classes on traditional educational topics as well as specific business skills—such as specific ways to use Excel for financial analysis—and past students provide ratings for all of these classes.

Start your education journey today

Online learning provides a chance for anyone to continue their education and sharpen their skills. We hope you’ve found this list helpful and are excited to pursue knowledge and grow. And for more free resources and advice, you can also check out Upwork’s Resource Center. Good luck in your classes and studying, and wherever this new information may take you.Share

HAVE A LOOK AT THE MOST PEACEFUL COUNTRY IN AFRICA 2021 RANKING

Africa 10:57, 23-Jun-2021TranslateMauritius ranked most peaceful country in Africa

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Mauritians celebrate Abolition of Slavery Day at Grand Baie public beach, Mauritius, February 1, 2020. /CFP

The 2021 Global Peace Index report by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) has ranked Mauritius as the most peaceful nation in Africa.

According to the world’s leading measure of global peacefulness, Ghana came in second.

One hundred and sixty-three independent states and territories were ranked by the index with Mauritius ranking 28th, Ghana 38th, and Botswana 41st in the world.

Nigeria ranked 146th behind Togo, Uganda, Kenya, the Republic of Congo, and Cameroon.

Iceland continues to be the most peaceful country in the world with Afghanistan being the least peaceful country in the world for the fourth consecutive year, followed by Yemen, Syria, South Sudan, and Iraq.

According to the report, North America saw the largest deterioration in the index, which was fueled by the nationwide protests following George Floyd’s murder in the U.S. in April 2020 and the infamous storming of the Capitol in January 2021. 

TOP 10 MOST PROTECTED PRESIDENTS IN AFRICA 2021

By Amir P. Adam, July 8,2021

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In most countries around the world, presidents are elected by the citizens and for these Presidents to carry out their duties properly, they are given maximum protection. In the African continent, presidents of every African country are given the maximum protection so duties can be carried out properly. Nevertheless, some African presidents do go the extra mile so they can be more guaranteed of their safety. Below is a following of the most protected African presidents in African substantially in 2020.

1. Alpha Conde – President of Guinea


In the African continent, Guinea’s president is one of Africa’s most protected presidents. President Alpha Conde’s security consist of an armored Mercedes he uses for outdoor appearances, more than 10 high-speed motorcycles that precede his car in public, a High-speed land cruiser. While in Public, his bodyguard entourage is made up of more than 20 bodyguards both on his national and international missions.

2.Uhuru Kenyatta- President of Kenya

When a list of the topmost protected African presidents is mentioned, President Uhuru Kenyata of Kenya is mentioned based on the measures put in place to ensure his protection in and out of his country. His presidential car is an armored land cruiser and his convoy is made up of more than 10 high-speed motorcycles, several high-speed expensive cars, a Mercedes Benz X class, and Range Rovers whenever he steps out in public. On special occasions that warrant him to take on outstation duties, his entourage of security guards is made up of more than 10 security guards.

3.Paul Biya- President of Cameroon

President Paul Biya the president of the Republic of Cameroon, who has been Cameroon’s president for 37 years is amongst Africa’s most protected presidents. He rides in an armored range rover sentinel which costs 500,000 USD. On special occasions, he rides in his armored limousine. President Paul Biya’s motorcade is one of the best in Africa. His convoy comprises of high-speed land cruisers and Mercedes Benz S class. out in public, his car is heavily guarded by a group of 8 specially selected bodyguards who run on foot at both sides of his car. He is sometimes lead by a fleet of horses. Because of this, he is considered to be one of Africa’s most protected presidents.

4.Abdel Fattah El-Sisi -President of Egypt.

Abdel Fattah El-Sisi is the present president of Egypt. He was signed into the Presidential office in 2014 and has ruled the country since then. His Presidential car is a 2013 Mercedezsclass with a special black number plate. Currently, he is one of  Africa’s most protected president and the fact that his country has one of the best military force in Africa is enough to guarantee  him utmost protection. When in public he is accompanied by more than 10 body guards, his presidential motocade always comprises of high speed motobikes, land cruisersand  a couple of armored mercedes benz

5.Paul Kagame – President of Rwanda.

President Paul Kagame is a Rwandan politician and former military leader and he is the 6th and current president of Rwanda. President Paul Kagame is considered Africa’s most loved African president and most protected president. His presidential car is an Armored Range Rover sentinel which cost 550,000 USD. His motorcade is made up of several security motorcycles, high-speed Mercedes Benz land Cruisers, and security guards on both sides of his car and his side whenever he makes a public appearance.

6.Cyril Ramaphosa -President of South Africa


The president of South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosa who is the fifth and current president of South Africa (one of Africa’s most beautiful and developed countries ). He became the president of South Africa in 2019 and is on the list of the most protected African presidents. His presidential Motorcade is comprised of very heavily armed presidential guards.

7.Buhari Muhammadu -President of Nigeria.

Amongst the list of Africa’s most protected presidents, President Muhammad Buhari became the president of Nigeria in 2015. Being the president of the most populous country in Africa, he became one of the most protected presidents in Africa. The reason being his safety and protection is of utmost importance to the people of Nigeria. His presidential convoy comprises a presidential Motorcade which is one of the largest and most impressive in Africa. President Buhari’s security is very tight, his Motorcade always comprises of a high-speed police motorcycle, several presidential guards which he takes with him when he goes on Official Assignments both in and out of the country.

8.Emmerson Mnangagwa- president of Zimbabwe.


Emmerson Mnangagwa President of Zimbabwe was born on and on 15 September 1942 became the 3rd president of Zimbabwe on 24 November 2017. Currently, he is one of the most protected presidents in Africa. As a result of the fact that Zimbabwe has suffered a lot of political and civil unrest in recent years thus the need for the president to be heavily guarded especially when he is on officials assignments both in and out of the country. His presidential motorcade also comprises high-speed police motorcycles and the president rides in an Armoured limousine followed by many presidential guards.

9.King Mohammed VI -King of Morroco.


The king of Morocco is one of the most protected leaders not only in the Maghreb region but in the whole of Africa. He ascended the throne on the 23rd of July 1999. While in Morocco, the king’s presidential car is an Armored Mercedez 600 Pullman. His motorcade normally comprises of several Mercedez bens 500 and Range Rover models when he goes to mountainous places, A BMW s series with a communications hummer, an ambulance, and several high-speed motorcycles. King Mohammed V is the richest president in Africa therefore getting extra security costs him little or nothing.

10. Allasane Ouattara- President of ivory coast


Allasane Ouattara born on the 1st of January 1942 has been the president of Ivory coast since 2010. He currently ranks as one of the most protected presidents in Africa. Allasane Ouattara can also be spotted with heavily armed security guards each time he goes on official assignments both in and out of the country. His presidential car is also accompanied by heavily armed presidential guards who follow his vehicle on foot until it gets out of the reach of the public. He has one of the most impressive Presidential Motorcade as his convoy comprises of High-speed motorcycles and Armored Land cruisers which follows him wherever he goes.

HAVE A LOOK AT THE TEN RICHES PEOPLE IN THE WORLD

By Amir P.Adam Updated July 8, 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTSEXPAND

In 2020, there were reportedly 2,095 billionaires on Earth, with an estimated total net worth of $8 trillion. Of this amount, the top 10 wealthiest people in the world account for $1,153 billion, or roughly 14.41%, which is impressive when you consider that they represent around 0.48% of billionaires.12 Below are the 10 individuals currently considered the wealthiest at the time of updating this article—May 2021—according to the Forbes World’s Billionaires List.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Jeff Bezos is the founder of both Amazon, the world’s largest retailer, and Blue Origin. With an estimated net worth of $177 billion, he is the richest man in the world.
  • Elon Musk is the CEO and co-founder of Tesla; CEO, chief designer, and founder of SpaceX; CEO and founder of Neuralink; and founder of The Boring Company. His estimated net worth is $151 billion.
  • Bernard Arnault is the chair and CEO of LVMH, the world’s largest luxury goods business, and chair of its holding company, Christian Dior SE. His estimated net worth is $150 billion.
  • Bill Gates is the co-founder of Microsoft, the largest software company in the world, and the co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. His estimated net worth is $124 billion.
  • Mark Zuckerberg is the CEO, chair, and co-founder of Facebook, the world’s largest social networking service, as well as co-CEO and co-founder of the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. His estimated net worth is $97 billion.

1. Jeff Bezos

  • Age: 573
  • Residence: Seattle4
  • Founder and Executive Chair: Amazon (AMZN)
  • Net Worth: $177 billion2
  • Amazon Ownership Stake: 11% ($174 billion)
  • Other Assets: Blue Origin ($7.15 billion private assets), The Washington Post ($250 million private assets), and $9.75 billion in cash

In 1994, Jeff Bezos founded Amazon.com in a garage in Seattle, shortly after he resigned from the hedge fund giant D.E. Shaw.5 In fact, he had originally pitched the idea of an online bookstore to his former boss David E. Shaw, who wasn’t interested.6

Though Amazon.com originally started out selling books, it has since morphed into a one-stop shop for everything under the sun, and is arguably the world’s largest retailer. At any rate, it is hard to dispute its self-description as the “Earth’s most customer-centric company.”7 Its pattern of constant diversification is evident in some of its unexpected expansions, which include acquiring Whole Foods in 2017 and launching its own branded over-the-counter drugs in February. 2018.89 In 2020, Amazon’s share price skyrocketed on the heightened demand for online shopping as lockdowns forced consumers to stay home.10 On July 5, 2021, Bezos stepped down as CEO of the e-commerce giant and transitioned to his new role as its executive chair.11

Jeff Bezos
Image courtesy Getty Images/Alex Wong.

Bezos originally took Amazon public in 1997 and went on to become the first man since Bill Gates in 1999 to achieve a net worth of more than $100 billion.1213 Bezos’s other projects include aerospace company Blue Origin; The Washington Post, which he purchased in 2013; and the 10,000-year clock, also known as the Long Now.14https://68d47d32447840bc6156a4b13e1c9cbe.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

2. Elon Musk

  • Age: 4915
  • Residence: Austin, Texas16
  • Cofounder and CEO: Tesla (TSLA)
  • Net Worth: $151 billion2
  • Tesla Ownership Stake: 20% ($114 billion)
  • Other Assets: Space Exploration Technologies ($29.8 billion private assets) and The Boring Company ($101 million private assets)

Elon Musk has had his hands in several different companies over the years. Originally enrolled at Stanford University, Musk deferred his attendance to launch Zip2, one of the earliest online navigation services.17 A portion of the proceeds from this endeavor was then reinvested to create X.com, an online payment system that later became PayPal. While both of these systems were eventually sold to other companies, Musk has maintained his status as CEO and lead designer of his third project, Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX), which aims to make space exploration more affordable.18

In 2004, Musk became a major funder of Tesla Motors (now Tesla), which led to him being retroactively declared a cofounder and his current position as CEO of the electric vehicle company.19 In addition to its line of electric automobiles—which include sedans, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), and the “Cybertruck” announced in 2019—Tesla also produces energy storage devices, automobile accessories, merchandise, and, through its acquisition of SolarCity in 2016, solar power systems. In 2020, Tesla’s stock price experienced an astronomical surge, having risen 705% from the start of the year to mid-December.20 It joined the S&P 500 that same month, the largest company added thus far.21

Elon Musk
Image courtesy Getty Images/Saul Martinez.

In 2016, Musk founded two more companies, Neuralink and The Boring Company, with him serving as the CEO of the former. Neuralink is developing brain-machine interface devices to help individuals suffering from paralysis and potentially allow users to mentally interact with their computers and mobile devices.22 The Boring Company, meanwhile, develops boring machines for the purpose of drilling tunnels for underground public transportation systems, which would mitigate traffic congestion in major cities.23 It also (briefly) sold a handheld flamethrower.24

3. Bernard Arnault

  • Age: 7225
  • Residence: Paris26
  • CEO and Chair: LVMH (LVMUY)26
  • Net Worth: $150 billion2
  • Christian Dior Ownership Stake: 97.5% ($109 billion)
  • Other Assets: Moelis & Company equity ($21.4 billion public assets), Hermès equity ($2.23 billion public assets), Carrefour equity ($1.26 billion public assets), and $4.50 billion in cash

French national Bernard Arnault is the chair and CEO of LVMH, the world’s largest luxury goods company. This business owns some of the biggest brands on Earth, including Louis Vuitton, Hennessey, Marc Jacobs, Sephora, and many more.27 The majority of his wealth, however, actually comes from his massive stake in Christian Dior SE, the holding company that controls 41.2% of LVMH.28 His shares in Christian Dior SE, plus an additional 6.2% in LVMH, are held through his family-owned holding company, Group Arnault SE.25

An engineer by training, Arnault’s business chops became apparent while working for his father’s construction firm, Ferret-Savinel, which he would take control of in 1971. He later converted Ferret-Savinel to a real estate company named Férinel Inc. in 1979.29

Bernard Arnault
Image courtesy Getty/Christophe Morin.

Arnault remained Férinel’s chair for another six years, until he acquired and reorganized luxury goods maker Financière Agache in 1984, eventually selling all of its holdings other than Christian Dior and Le Bon Marché.30 He was invited to invest in LVMH in 1987 and became the majority shareholder, chair of the board, and CEO of the company two years later.

4. Bill Gates

  • Age: 6531
  • Residence: Medina, Wash.32
  • Cofounder: Microsoft Corp. (MSFT)33
  • Net Worth: $124 billion2
  • Microsoft Ownership Stake: 1.3% ($25.8 billion)31
  • Other Assets: Canadian National Railway equity ($11.8 billion public asset), John Deere equity ($11.8 billion public asset), Republic Services equity ($11.1 billion public asset), Ecolab equity ($6.59 billion public asset), Givaudan equity ($4.39 billion public asset), FEMSA equity ($2.22 billion public asset), Waste Management equity ($1.93 billion public asset), Berkshire Hathaway equity ($1.72 billion public asset), AutoNation equity ($1.67 billion public asset), Diageo equity ($1.56 billion public asset), Arch Capital Group equity ($1.39 billion public asset), Sika AG equity ($1.26 billion public asset), Signet Jewelers equity ($760 million public asset), Televisa equity ($300 million public asset), Vroom equity ($260 million public asset), Western Asset/Claymore Inflation-Linked Opportunities & Income Fund equity ($229.4 million public total assets), Liberty Global equity ($225 million public asset), Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas equity ($187 million public asset), Otter Tail Corporation equity ($160 million public asset), Coca-Cola FEMSA equity ($121 million public asset), Owens Corning equity ($38.4 million public asset), and $57.2 billion in cash

While attending Harvard University in 1975, Bill Gates went to work alongside his childhood friend Paul Allen to develop new software for the original microcomputers. Following this project’s success, Gates dropped out of Harvard in his junior year and went on to found Microsoft with Allen.

In addition to being the largest software company in the world, Microsoft also produces its own line of personal computers, publishes books through Microsoft Press, provides email services through its Exchange server, and sells video game systems and associated peripheral devices.343536 Originally Microsoft’s chief software architect, Gates later transitioned to the role of chair in 2008. He had joined Berkshire Hathaway’s board in 2004.3738 He stepped down from both boards on March 13, 2020.3940

Bill Gates
Image courtesy Getty Images/Jack Taylor.

In 2000, Gates’s two philanthropic organizations—the William H. Gates Foundation and the Gates Learning Foundation—were merged to create the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, of which he and his soon-to-be-ex-wife, Melinda Gates, are co-chairs. Through the foundation, he has spent billions to fight polio and malaria. Additionally, he pledged $50 million in 2014 to help fight Ebola. In 2020, the foundation promised to spend $300 million to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.41 In 2010, alongside Warren Buffett, Bill Gates launched the Giving Pledge, a campaign encouraging rich individuals to commit to donating the majority of their wealth to philanthropic causes.42

5. Mark Zuckerberg

  • Age: 3643
  • Residence: Palo Alto, Calif.44
  • Cofounder, CEO, and Chair: Facebook (FB)44
  • Net Worth: $97 billion2
  • Facebook Ownership Stake: 13% ($115 billion)
  • Other Assets: $2.93 billion in cash and $225 million in real estate

Mark Zuckerberg first developed Facebook alongside fellow students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes while attending Harvard University in 2004. As Facebook began to be used at other universities, Zuckerberg dropped out of Harvard to focus entirely on his growing business. Today, Zuckerberg is the CEO and chair of Facebook, which had more than 2.8 billion monthly active users as of Q3 2020.45

Facebook is the world’s largest social networking service, enabling its users to create a personal profile, connect with friends and family, join or create groups, and much more. As the website is free to use, most of the company’s revenue is generated through advertising. Facebook (the company) is also host to several other brands, including photo-sharing app Instagram, which it acquired in 2012; cross-platform mobile messaging service WhatsApp and virtual-reality–headset producer Oculus, both acquired in 2014; Workplace, its enterprise-connectivity platform; Portal, its line of video-calling devices; and Novi, its digital wallet for the Diem payment system.464748495051

Mark Zuckerberg
Image courtesy Getty Images/Paul Marotta.

Zuckerberg and his wife, Priscilla Chan, founded the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative in 2015, with each of them serving as co-CEO. Their charity seeks to leverage technology to fix societal ills, such as improving the access and quality of education, reforming both the criminal justice system and the U.S. immigration system, improving housing affordability, and eventually eradicating all diseases.5253

6. Warren Buffett

  • Age: 9054
  • Residence: Omaha, Neb.55
  • CEO: Berkshire Hathaway (BRK.A)
  • Net Worth: $96 billion2
  • Berkshire Hathaway Ownership Stake: 38.001% ($98.503 billion total)
  • Other Assets: Wells Fargo & Co. equity ($76.6 million public assets), U.S. Bancorp equity ($50.2 million public assets), Seritage Growth Properties equity ($38 million public assets), and $1.05 billion in cash54

The most famous living value investor, Warren Buffett filed his first tax return in 1944 at age 14, declaring his earnings from his boyhood paper route.56 He first bought shares in a textile company called Berkshire Hathaway in 1962, becoming the majority shareholder by 1965. He expanded the company to insurance and other investments in 1967.57 Now, Berkshire Hathaway is a half-trillion-dollar company, with a single share of stock trading at more than $390,000 per share in early 2021.58

Widely known as the “Oracle of Omaha,” Buffett made the majority of his fortune through purchasing shares in companies with easy-to-understand business operations. While many investors have been piling into tech companies, Buffett has opted for a more cautious approach, only buying from well-established companies that are easier to understand, such as IBM and Apple.59He is also a noted Bitcoin skeptic.60 Additionally, Buffett has also outright purchased a lengthy list of companies over the years, including Dairy Queen, Duracell, GEICO, and Kraft Heinz.61

Warren Buffett
Image courtesy Getty Images/Alex Wong.

Outside of investing, Buffett has directed much of his wealth toward philanthropic endeavors. Between 2006 and 2020, Buffett gave away $41 billion—the majority of which went to either the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation or his children’s charities. Buffett launched the Giving Pledge alongside Bill Gates in 2010.42

7. Larry Ellison

  • Age: 7662
  • Residence: Lanai, Hawaii63
  • Cofounder, CTO, and Chair: Oracle (ORCL)
  • Net Worth: $93 billion2
  • Oracle Ownership Stake: 35.4% ($61.8 billion)
  • Other Assets: Tesla equity ($10.1 billion public assets) and $14.9 billion in cash

After dropping out of the University of Chicago in 1966, Larry Ellison moved to California and worked as a computer programmer for several companies over the years. First, in 1973, he was an employee of the electronics company Ampex, where he met future partners Ed Oates and Bob Miner. Three years later, Ellison joined Precision Instruments, serving as the company’s vice president of research and development.

By 1977, Ellison had founded Software Development Laboratories (SDL) alongside Oates and Miner, which, two years later, released Oracle, the first commercial relational database program to utilize Structured Query Language.64 The database program proved so popular that SDL would change its name to Oracle Systems Corporation in 1982. Additionally, Ellison joined Tesla’s board in December 2018.65

Oracle is the second-largest software company and provides a wide variety of cloud computing programs as well as other software, such as Java and Linux, and the Oracle Exadata computing platform.34666768 The business has also grown through the acquisition of several major companies, including human resources management systems provider PeopleSoft in 2005, customer relationship management applications provider Siebel in 2006, enterprise infrastructure software provider BEA Systems in 2008, and hardware-and-software developer Sun Microsystems in 2010.69707172

Larry Ellison
Image courtesy Getty Images/Phillip Faraone.

Ellison has spent millions in luxury real estate over the last decade, predominantly in California. Likely his most impressive expenditure, Ellison bought nearly the entire Hawaiian island of Lanai for $300 million, building a hydroponic farm and luxury spa there. He has also donated millions of dollars to charitable causes over the years, particularly to medical research. Most recently, in 2016, Ellison gave $200 million to the University of Southern California for a new cancer research center.73

8. Larry Page

  • Age: 4874
  • Residence: Palo Alto, Calif.75
  • Cofounder and Board Member: Alphabet (GOOG)
  • Net Worth: $91.5 billion2
  • Alphabet Ownership Stake: 6% ($89.7 billion total)
  • Other Assets: $12.6 billion in cash

Like several tech billionaires on this list, Larry Page’s claim to fame got its start in a college dorm room. While attending Stanford University in 1995, Page and his friend Sergey Brin came up with the idea of improving data extraction capabilities while accessing the Internet. The duo devised a new type of search engine technology they dubbed “BackRub,” named after its ability to analyze “backing links.” From there, Page and Brin went on to found Google in 1998, with the former serving as CEO of the company until he stepped down in 2001.

Google is one of the largest Internet search engines on the planet, accounting for more than 70% of global online search requests.76 In 2006, Google (the company) expanded by purchasing YouTube, the biggest platform for user-submitted videos. Then, 2008 saw the release of the first mobile phone utilizing the Android operating system, which was originally developed by Android Inc. prior to Google acquiring the company in 2005.7778 Today, Google is a subsidiary of Alphabet, a holding company for which Page served as CEO from 2015 to 2019.

Larry Page
Image courtesy Getty Images/Justin Sullivan.

Page is also a founding investor of Planetary Resources, a space exploration and asteroid-mining company. Originally established in 2009, the company was acquired by blockchain firm ConsenSys in 2018 amid funding problems.7980 He has also shown an interest in “flying car” companies, having invested in both Kitty Hawk and Opener.

9. Sergey Brin

  • Age: 4781
  • Residence: Los Altos, Calif.82
  • Cofounder and Board Member: Alphabet (GOOG)
  • Net Worth: $89 billion2
  • Alphabet Ownership Stake: 5% ($86.2 billion total)
  • Other Assets: $12.7 billion in cash

What makes Google unique, compared to the other companies featured on this list, is that its co-founders are relatively close in terms of total wealth. Sergey Brin’s involvement in Google follows a similar path to Page’s. After the duo founded the company in 1998, Brin served as copresident alongside Page until Eric Schmidt took over as CEO in 2001. Similarly, after founding Alphabet in 2015, Brin acted as the holding company’s president before stepping down in 2019 when Sundar Pichai took over as CEO.8384

In addition to being a highly popular search engine, Google also offers a suite of online tools and services, known as Google Workplaces, which includes Gmail, Google Drive, Google Calendar, Google Meet, Google Chat, Google Docs, Google Sheets, Google Slides, and more.85 In addition to software, Google also deals in a wide variety of electronic devices, including its Pixel smartphones, its Pixelbook computers and tablets, its Nest smart home devices, and its Stadia gaming platform.86878889

Sergey Brin
Image courtesy Getty Images/Tim Mosenfelder.

Brin spent much of 2019 focusing on X, Alphabet’s “moonshot” research laboratory, which is responsible for innovative technologies like the Waymo self-driving cars and Google Glass smart glasses.90 He has also donated millions of dollars toward researching a cure for Parkinson’s and partnered with The Michael J. Fox Foundation to devise new drugs against LRRK2, one of the greatest genetic contributors to the disease.91

10. Mukesh Ambani

  • Age: 6392
  • Residence: Mumbai, India93
  • Chair and Managing Director: Reliance Industries94
  • Net Worth: $84.5 billion2
  • Reliance Industries Ownership Stake: 42% ($73.79 billion total)
  • Other Assets: Mumbai residential property ($410 million private assets) and $1.60 billion in cash

Reliance Industries was originally founded as a small textile manufacturer by Dhirubhai Ambani in 1966. In 1979, Dhirubhai’s son Mukesh moved to Palo Alto, Calif., to attend Stanford Business School. A year later, Mukesh returned home at the behest of his father to oversee the construction of a new polyester mill, during which time he also joined Reliance Industries’ board. Rather than moving back to the U.S. to finish his university program, Mukesh remained in India to lead Reliance’s backward integration initiative. During the 1990s, he spearheaded the company’s efforts to create—as well as acquire—multiple petrochemical plants and petroleum refineries.94

In 2002, Dhirubhai suffered a stroke and passed away. The lack of a will resulted in a feud between Mukesh and his brother Anil over how their father’s empire would be distributed. Three years later, as the result of a settlement brokered by their mother, the siblings agreed to split the business, with Mukesh retaining control over refining, petrochemicals, oil and gas, and textile operations. This didn’t completely ease the tension between the two brothers, as they would neither settle a legal dispute over sharing natural gas nor dissolve their noncompete agreements until 2010. In 2013, Mukesh and Anil seemingly buried the hatchet with the announcement of a $220 million pact to share a fiber-optic network between their two companies.

Mukesh Ambani
Image courtesy GettyImages/Prodip Guha.

Reliance Industries has established several highly successful subsidiaries under Mukesh’s leadership, including Reliance Retail and telecommunications company Jio. He is also a member of The Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum, an elected Foreign Member of the United States National Academy of Engineering, a member of the Global Advisory Council of Bank of America, and a member of the International Advisory Council of The Brookings Institution.94

The Bottom Line

If you want to get a little closer to making Bloomberg’s richest billionaires list, you might need to become a technological innovator or a retail king. Or you can keep it simple and focus on value investing. It also wouldn’t hurt to start out by coming from wealth, as Arnault, Ambani, and some other super-wealthy individuals did—think Jim Walton (#18 on Forbes’ list) and Charles Koch (#27).262 However, the greatest fortunes on this list started as great ideas from people with the creativity, drive, and connections to make them take off.

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SCHOLARSHIP FORM – KNOW HOW TO APPLY?

Scholarship Form – Know How to Apply?

How to apply for a scholarship application

Scholarship form – How to apply for a scholarship? This is a common question that pops up when you seek a scholarship. Every year, thousands of scholarship forms are getting rejected in India for reasons that are easily avoidable yet far too common – non-fulfilment of eligibility criteria, a discrepancy in the details provided, or simply failing to fill in all the required fields. As a result, many applicants get screened out in the very first stage of the selection process.

Thus, a correctly filled scholarship form is a primary requirement for an aspirant to stand any chance of winning a scholarship. Therefore, it is important for all the students to know how to apply for a scholarship before starting the application.

This article will provide you with a brief about the key things that you should consider while understanding a scholarship form. Also, you will get the complete picture of what a scholarship form contains and an understanding of how can you apply for scholarships online through specific portals like National Scholarship Portal (NSP), UP Government’s Scholarship and Fee Reimbursement Online System, OASIS scholarship portal, SJE scholarship portal and more.

Scholarship Form – Key things to consider

Both online and offline scholarship applications require a variety of conditions to be fulfilled. Though the application procedure may differ from scholarship to scholarship, here are a few basic steps that you should adopt while filling up the scholarship form:

Get to know about the scholarship

Prior to filling any scholarship form, you should know every bit of information available about it. Go through the respective scholarship website carefully and make a list of necessary documents and information you require to apply.

Go through the application guidelines (if provided)

At times, some scholarship providers offer complete application guidelines for students to ease out the process of application for them. Carefully going through these guidelines before applying will tremendously reduce the chances of errors occurring in your application.

Prepare all your accomplishments

Most scholarships require supporting documents in a prescribed format as proof for all academic and personal information stated in your application and the important information that is necessarily required to apply for the scholarship. These may include, but aren’t limited to, the following:

  1. Mark sheets and certificates of educational qualification
  2. Identity proof
  3. Family income certificate
  4. Caste certificate
  5. Admission letter
  6. Essay submission
  7. Letter of recommendations
  8. Applicant’s photograph

Note: Keeping a scanned copy of all the important documents as per the specified size guidelines is advisable to avoid rejections, in the case of online applications. For offline applications, you need to have photocopies of the required documents.

Keep an eye on the deadline

All scholarship applications come with a deadline. To avoid any last-minute rush and other hurdles, you are suggested to fill your scholarship form as early as possible. However, in any circumstance, if you are unable to do that, make sure you give yourself enough buffer to not miss the deadline.

Start filling the form

Once you’ve all the information and documents on hand, you can begin the application procedure. We recommend you to be very vigilant while filling up the details, as any discrepancy may lead your form to be rejected. If filling an offline application form, you need to make sure that you avoid any overwriting in it.

Do proofread before submission

Are you done with all the mandatory details required in the application form? If yes, then do a thorough proof-check of the scholarship form once again before final submission. There’s always a chance of human error; a thorough proofread can rectify these errors, though, before being submitted.

Following these steps and paying attention to all details can ensure that you cross this first hurdle successfully, with a chance to win your dream scholarship.

Scholarship Form – Knowing its Details

What does a scholarship form contain? What is the important information required to apply for scholarships online? Whether you are applying for a scholarship online or offline, a standard scholarship form consists of the following key details –

Personal details

This section covers your personal information such as your name, parents name, email id, contact details, etc. Also, there are some government scholarships that ask for your bank account details in this section such as the name of the bank, account number, IFSC code, etc., as they disburse the scholarship amount directly into the account of the students.

Educational qualification

Depending on scholarship to scholarship, the academic requirements may vary. In this section, the students need to provide their current as well as previous academic details (as required). You may need to keep the mark sheets and academic transcripts intact before applying for the scholarship. It is important that you enter the correct information. The details that you need to provide include the marks, year of passing, board/university of passing your class 10, 12, graduation or post-graduation (As specified in the scholarship).

Family income details

This section is not necessarily asked in all the scholarships. However, the scholarships which are being disbursed based on the financial need of the students may require you to enter the details of family income. This section requires you to provide the total annual income of your family (including the income of both the parents (if available) or guardian. Also, you need to support your family income with an income certificate issued by a competent authority.

Upload documents

While proceeding ahead in the scholarship form, you will also have to upload all supporting documents required. Just like all other details, this may also vary from scholarship to scholarship. Thus, prepare scanned copies of all your important documents in advance so as to avoid any hassle while applying.

Scholarship Form – Apply for scholarships online

With the advent of technology, most of the scholarship providers invite students to apply for scholarships online. While the step-by-step application process may vary, the basic online application process requires scholarship registration, student login, updating the details, documents upload and final submission. In this section, we have tried to cover step-by-step guide of how to apply for a scholarship through renowned government portals like NSP, UP scholarship portal, OASIS scholarship portal and more.

Scholarship Form – Applying through National Scholarship Portal

National Scholarship Portal (NSP) is a one-stop portal for all government scholarships. Introduced by the government of India, the portal lists a number of scholarships that are being offered by the different department of the government including Ministry of Minority Affairs, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Ministry of Labour and Employment, etc. The portal also enlists the scholarships that are being offered by different states’ governments. How can you apply for these scholarships online? Find your answer hereunder –Scholarship Form - Applying through National Scholarship Portal

Scholarship Form – Applying through National Scholarship Portal

Step 1: National Scholarship Portal Registration

  1. All fresh users need to visit the Home Page of National Scholarship Portal to register.
  2. Click on ‘New Registration’.
  3. A page of ‘Guidelines for Registration on NSP’ will open.
  4. Go through the guidelines carefully.
  5. Click on ‘Continue’ to proceed.
  6. Fill in all required details.
  7. Click on ‘Register’.
  8. You will receive a student application ID and password on your registered mobile number.

Step 2: Logging in with National Scholarship Portal

  1. Click on the login button to start scholarship application.
  2. Enter the application ID and password received on your registered number.

Step 3: Change the password (A compulsory step)

  1. Upon successful login, you will receive an OTP on your registered mobile number.
  2. Verify the OTP.
  3. You will be directed to change the password page.
  4. Change the password and continue.

Step 4: Enter the Dashboard & Complete the Application

  1. Once the password is changed, you will be directed to the Applicant’s Dashboard Page.
  2. Click on ‘Application Form’ to start the application.
  3. Fill in all registration details, academic details and basic details.
  4. Click on ‘Save & Continue’.
  5. Add contact details, scheme details and upload necessary documents.
  6. Click on ‘Save as Draft’ (To confirm if you have entered correct information)
  7. Once confirmed, click on ‘Final Submit’ button.

Note: The applications finally submitted cannot be edited again. So, the applicants are advised to be double sure while clicking on final submit as no change of information will be entertained after final submission.

Scholarship Form – Applying through UP Portal

Just like the government of India runs its online scholarship portal for the implementation and disbursement of various scholarship schemes, the government of Uttar Pradesh also has its separate portal for its state-funded scholarships. The online system of scholarship and fee reimbursement by UP Government accepts applications from students of UP state for different scholarships. What are the steps to be followed to apply for UP government scholarships? The answer to this question is mentioned below in the step-by-step guide.

How to fill Online UP Scholarship Application Form 2020

Scholarship Form – Applying through UP Scholarship Portal

Step 1: New student registration

  1. Visit the UP Government’s Scholarship and Fee Reimbursement Online System.
  2. Click on the “Student” section and select “New Registration”.
  3. Select the scholarship for which you want to apply.
  4. Fill in all mandatory details that are marked with an *.
  5. Click on “Submit” to register.
  6. Take the print out of registration slip for future references.

Step 2: Student Login

  1. Once registered, click on the “Student” section and select “Fresh Login” option for fresh applications and “Renewal Login” option for renewal applications as per the scholarship you are applying for.
  2. Log in using your registration number, date of birth and password.
  3. You will be directed to a page containing important instructions regarding form filling.
  4. Read all instructions carefully and tick on the box given at the end of the page and click “Proceed”.

Step 3: Filling the scholarship application

  1. The moment you click on the “Proceed” button, you will be directed to the user dashboard.
  2. Click on “Fill in application form” section.
  3. Fill in further details in the scholarship application form.
  4. Click on submit.

Step 4: Upload all supporting documents

Once you click on submit after filling the scholarship form, you need to upload your photograph and other supporting documents.

Step 5: Final submission online

Before heading on to make the final submission of the application form, the applicants are advised to go through every information filled carefully to avoid any kind of discrepancy afterwards. Also, there is no provision of making changes to the information filled by the applicant, once you finally submit the application form.

Step 6: Submission of form at the respective educational institution

After final submission of the scholarship form, the applicants are required to take the print out of the form and submit it along with other supporting documents to their respective educational institutions.

Scholarship Form – Applying through SJE

SJE is the state-level scholarship portal for the students having domicile of Rajasthan state. It allows you to apply for scholarships offered by the state government’s Social Justice and Empowerment Department. The scholarships available on SJE portal are applicable for students who belong to SC, ST, EBC, OBC, DNT and SBC category. If you fulfil the eligibility criteria of these scholarships, you can apply for them online by following the steps given below –Scholarship Form – Applying through SJE Portal

Scholarship Form – Applying through SJE Portal

Step 1 – Registering with SJE

  1. Visit the official website.
  2. Click on “New Scholarship Portal”.
  3. Click on the “Sign-Up/Register” button.
  4. You will be redirected to Rajasthan Single Sign-On page. Click on “Citizen” tab.
  5. Select any one from the options – Bhamashah, Aadhaar, Facebook, Google+ or Twitter to start the registration.
  6. Continue to register through your respective option chosen.
  7. Create your SSOID and password and register.

Step 2 – Logging into your SJE account

  1. Visit the sign-in page of Rajasthan Single Sign-On.
  2. Log in using your SSOID (digital identity) and password.

Step 3 – Applying for the scholarship

  1. Once you are logged in, you need to update your profile by filling in all the necessary information.
  2. The moment you update your information, you will be directed to the user dashboard containing various digital options for you.
  3. Select the “Scholarships” option to enter the scholarship application.
  4. A dialogue box will appear asking – “How would you like to register yourself?” Click on “Student” and proceed for the scholarship application.
  5. Fill in all required information and upload the supporting documents.
  6. Finally, submit the application.

Note: Following the best practices please confirm that you have entered the correct information in the application before submitting it.

Note: Make sure that you update your Bhamashah ID to apply for the scholarship. Otherwise, the scholarship form will not open.

Scholarship Form – Applying through OASIS Portal

Likewise, the government of West Bengal also runs its separate online scholarship portal for students who are domicile of West Bengal state. The portal comprises the scholarships available for students belonging to SC, ST and OBC category thereby creating a one-stop platform for eligible students to apply for them. How to apply for a scholarship through OASIS? What does an OASIS scholarship form contain? These questions may haunt many of the eligible candidates. The answer to which is given hereunder.Scholarship Form - Applying through OASIS Portal

Scholarship Form – Applying through OASIS Portal

Step 1: Registering with Oasis scholarship

  1. Visit the official website.
  2. Click on “Student’s registration” in the students’ corner.
  3. Choose the district where your institution is based.
  4. A page for verification of caste certificate will appear. Fill in all details and click on submit.
  5. Once the caste certificate is verified then you will be directed to the online registration page. Now, fill in all mandatory fields and click on submit.

Step 2: Oasis login to complete the application

  1. After you have registered successfully, you can download your permanent user id/application number and password through “Download login information/acknowledgement slip” button.
  2. Click on “Login Now” button using your application number/user id and password.
  3. After logging in, you have to fill in your details and bank information carefully
  4. Click on ‘Save and Proceed’.

Step 3: Verify and Lock the Oasis application

Once you have filled all your information in the application form. You can click on the “Verify and Lock” button to lock all the information filled. Note: Once you have locked the information filled, you cannot make any changes further. So, make sure you enter the correct information in the application form.

Step 4: Print the application

After successful locking of the application form, click on “Download Application Form” button to get the computer-generated copy of the filled-in scholarship application form.

Step 5: Submit the printed application

Submit the printed copy of duly-filled scholarship form along with the copies of all supporting documents to your concerned BDO (Block Development Officer) for Block area or PO cum DWO for municipality corporation.

To know more about the scholarship forms available at different state-level scholarship portals, refer to the articles in the table below –

State Scholarship PortalsClick below for the scholarship forms
TELANGANA EPASS – DEDICATED ONLINE PORTAL FOR TELANGANA SCHOLARSHIPSTELANGANA EPASS
PRERANA – POST-MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP REGISTRATION RELEASE AND NETWORK AUTOMATIONPRERANA
HP EPASS SCHOLARSHIP PORTAL – ALL YOU NEED TO KNOWHP EPASS SCHOLARSHIP
MP SCHOLARSHIP PORTAL – ALL YOU NEED TO KNOWMP SCHOLARSHIP PORTAL
GOKDOM SCHOLARSHIPS – ALL YOU NEED TO KNOWGOKDOM SCHOLARSHIPS
MAHADBT – SCHOLARSHIP LIST, ELIGIBILITY, APPLICATION PROCESS, AWARDSMAHADBT
E-KALYAN – A DEDICATED ONLINE SCHOLARSHIP PORTAL FOR JHARKHAND STUDENTSE-KALYAN
CG SCHOLARSHIP PORTAL – ALL YOU NEED TO KNOWCG SCHOLARSHIP PORTAL
JNANABHUMI – A DEDICATED SCHOLARSHIP PORTAL FOR STUDENTS OF ANDHRA PRADESHJNANABHUMI
DR AMBEDKAR SCHOLARSHIP PORTAL OF PUNJAB – ALL YOU NEED TO KNOWDR AMBEDKAR SCHOLARSHIP PORTAL OF PUNJAB

Scholarship Form – FAQs

Q. How does a candidate start applying for scholarships?

Whether you are a school student or a college student, you can apply for a scholarship by following the below-given steps –

Step 1: Search for scholarships as per your requirement.

Step 2: Keep track of its application timeline so as to avoid any last-minute rush.

Step 3: Visit the official portal for scholarship application and apply as specified.

Note: It is important for the candidates to make sure that they are well-prepared before starting the application online.

Q. When should a student apply for a scholarship?

The application timeline for any scholarship varies from scholarship to scholarship. Thus, the students need to keep track of the scholarships they want to apply for. For example, if you want to apply for a UP scholarship or a scholarship on National Scholarship Portal, you need to keep yourself updated regarding their respective application timeline. It is advisable for students to refer to the official website for relevant details.

Q. What documents are required for a scholarship form?

The documents required at the time of application generally vary from scholarship to scholarship. However, some of the common documents that students should keep handy include –

Caste/Category certificate (if applicable)
Income certificate
Domicile certificate (if applying for a state-specific scholarship)
Academic transcripts and certificates of previous qualifying examinations
Photograph of the applicant
Identity proof
Aadhaar card
Age proof (if required)

Q. When should a student start applying for scholarships?

As soon as a scholarship is announced for an academic year, the students are advised to apply for it immediately (if they fulfil the eligibility conditions). Once the deadline approaches near, the chances are that the students may face difficulty in the application process. Applying in advance will also keep the student away from the last-minute rush.

Q. What are the chances that a student will get the scholarship amount after its application?

The chances of students getting selected for a scholarship depends on their fulfilment of eligibility and selection criteria. Mere application for the scholarship does not guarantee that the students will get the scholarship amount. Each scholarship has its own set criteria on the basis of which the selection is made. it can be either on the basis of merit or means or both. The selection committee of respective scholarships is held responsible for taking the final decision.

List of State Scholarship portal are as follows:

Scholarships for Uttar PradeshUP Scholarship
Scholarships for MaharashtraMahadbt
Post Matric Scholarships disbursements through ePassEpass Scholarship
Jnanabhumi online portal of Government of Andhra PradeshJnanabhumi
scholarship portal of JharkhandE Kalyan Scholarship
Government of Madhya Pradesh, MP scholarshipsMP Scholarship
Karnataka education board, ePASS KarnatakaEpass Karnataka Scholarship
TS epass scholarship is offrering by Telangana GovtTelangana Epass
Scholarship Portal Government of PunjabPunjab Scholarship
E-Grantz portal, Government of KeralaE Grantz
Minorities under Government of Karnataka, GOKDOMGokdom
Oasis scholarship portal, West Bengal scholarshipsOasis Scholarship
Chhattisgarh Scholarship PortalCG Scholarship Portal
SJE Rajasthan Scholarship Portal, Government of RajasthanSJE Scholarship
Digital Gujarat scholarship, Government of Gujarat.Gujarat Scholarship
HP ePass scholarship portal, Himachal PradeshHP Epass Scholarship
West Bengal Scholarship Schemes, West BengalWest Bengal Scholarship
Government of Bihar Post-Matric scholarship SC/ST/BC/EBCBihar Scholarship
Scholarship for BC, MBC and Minorities, Govt of TamilNaduTN Scholarship

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The top 10 richest artists in South Sudan 2021 ranking.

September 10,2021.

AMIR P.ADAM

This top ten richest artists in South Sudan ranking is based on music sale, business own and other assets.

10.50 De Born talented

Akok Dut Popularly known as 50 D or Borntalented is a south Sudanese young Afro Beats artist that manage his wealth through simplicity he rose to fame in 2012 through his good music,the singer is now founder of Doya Investment Company a multi business company in south sudan.
50 D Source of Income Include: Music Album Sales,1GO Airtime,Doya Investments,Lulu Aviation Co Share Holder.
So his networth is estimated to be $27,000

9.Yaba Angelosi

Yaba Angelosi is a south Sudanese US Base musician who is the C.E.O and Founder of Assida Record a music record label base in United States.
YABA Sources of Income include Music Tours,Albums Sales,Assida Records,Assida Films and More
So his networth is estimated as $30,000

8.Meene Men

Meen Meen the founder of Cozos clan music is one of south sudan music legend that has been in the music industry for long Meen top number eighth in Ranking through his earning through Music.
Meen source of Income Includes: Annataban,Music Sells Online, Restaurant Business and More
So his networth is estimated to be $32,000

7. Emmanuel Kembe


Image
Emmanuel Kembe Is one of the south Sudanese iconic musician who contributed a lot during the liberation struggle in Sudan Kembe top our position seven of the richest musician in south sudan due to his earning through his music. Kembe is currently a brand ambassador to M-Gurush Mobile Money.
Kembe Sources of Income include Music Albums Selling On International Platforms like Amazon,Apple,Endoursment deals etc. and So his Networth is estimated to $46,000


6) John Kudusay

The Vetrant Musician John Kudusay is a traditional singer who
begun his music in the 80s, John top number six riches musician in South sudan, through out his earning through weddings,and Business John Charges 1Million SSP Per wedding song,he also owns a LION Hotel in Aweil.
John Kudusay Sources of Income include Music Albums Sales,Hotel Business And so his networth is estimated to be $50,000


5) Angelo Kiir Wiew


Image
Angelo Kiir is one of the traditional musician and producers who break through music through his hit song WENG Kiir current life style brought him to the fifth Position in south sudan richest musicians chart, the singer owns lexurous cars, big mansions.
Angelo Kiir South Of Income Include: Music Production,Water Tanks Business and More
And so his Networth is estimated to be $500,000
4) Dynamq


The Forth Riches Musician is Dynamq Born Kennedy O Lorya is a South Sudan raggea dancehall artist base in USA who is the CEO and Founder of Ruka Music.
Dynamic Sources of Income include Music Selling Online,RukaMusic Lebal . And so his Networth is estimated to be 1Million US Dollars


3) Maya Nemaya


Maya Nemaya Reloaded is one of south Sudanese local and traditional Music singer who dominated south sudan through music in 2012 is now the owner of Advance Youth Radio, he earns money now through advertisments on radio and more.
Maya source of Income Include: Advance Youth Radio,Music Albums and More so his Networth is estimated to be 1.2 Million Dollars


2) Mary Boyoi


The Second richest musician in south sudan is Mary Boyoi one of the top female artist in south sudan Born 1980.
in 2005 Mary Founded ABONA International a Nonprofit Humanitarian organization aim at supporting Peace through out South Sudan and providing Assistant to girls and young womens in violent and distructive situation. She works as a community Worker .
Mary Boyoi South Of Income Include,Music,ABONA International and So her Networth is Estimated to be (1.5 Million Dollars)


1) Emmanuel Jal

Emmanuel Jal


Emmanuel Jal known as the former child soldier
top the list of the south sudan riches musician due his Album sales,Educative projects,business such a Jal Gua a nutrition foods production in USA Jal accumulate his wealth through several business own and music sales.
and So his Networth is Estimated to be (2.5 Million Dollars)

BEST TOWNS TO VISIT IN SOUTH SUDAN

Written by Amir P.Adam,16 AUG 2021

South Sudan is the youngest nation located in Eastern part of Africa. It gained its independence from Sudan on 9th July 2011 after the long civil war and liberation struggle. Not long after the independence, the faced a traumatic situation caused by civil war in which thousands killed and millions displaced.

Lets have a look the best towns to visit in South Sudan………..

1. JUBA

Juba is the capital and largest city in South Sudan and serves as capital of Central Equatoria. It’s situated on the White Nile. It has an area of about 52km square with metroplitan area covering 336km square. Juba has a population of about 525,953 in 2017.

Wikipedia

Pic of Juba town

2.Wau

Wau is one of major towns in South Sudan which is located on North-west of South Sudan and on western bank of Jur river. Wau serves as the capital of Western Bahr El Ghazal. Wau is the third largest city in South Sudan. It has a population of about 232,910 people in 2014. The main inhabitants are the luo and fertit people. Wikipedia

Royal Castle hotel in Wau

3.MALAKAL

Malakal is the second largest town in South Sudan located in North-eastern part of South Sudan and serves as the capital of Upper Nile. It has a population of about 147,450 people in 2014.It’s located near the White Nile and has many places that attracts tourists.Wikipedia

3.AWEIL

Aweil is a city in South Sudan and the capital of the Northern Bahr el Ghazal. It borders Sudan and Abyei administrative area.Aweil has nice places for tourism and is one of the starting point of railway from Sudan.Wikipedia

15 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Kenya

Written by Karen Hastings
Nov 17, 2020

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Kenya – the name is almost synonymous with the word “safari.” Few other places on the planet conjure such a spirit of adventure and romance. The diversity of things to do in Kenya dazzles all who visit, and viewing the country’s abundant wildlife tops the list.

See throngs of wildebeest thundering across the savanna during the Great Migration in the Maasai Mara; come eye-to-eye with elephants in Amboseli; or marvel at Lake Nakuru, flecked with thousands of flamingos. In these sun-soaked lands, ancient tribes, such as the Maasai, Kikuyu, and Samburu, retain their traditional customs, living in relative harmony with the natural world.

Amboseli National Park with Mount Kilimanjaro in the distance
Amboseli National Park with Mount Kilimanjaro in the distance

Beyond the world-famous safari parks lies a trove of coastal treasures. You can snorkel and dive fish-rich coral reefs, relax on pearly beaches, experience the melting pot of cultures and cuisines in Mombasa and Malindi, and explore tropical islands steeped in Swahili history.

Topographically, Kenya is stunning. Surrounded by calderas and mountain ranges, the Great Rift Valley divides the country. To the east of this sweeping valley, you can climb the snow-cloaked equatorial peaks of Mount Kenya and fish for trout in crystal-clear streams. Hell’s Gate National Park harbors obsidian caves and hisses with natural geysers and hot springs.

To experience the romance of Kenya’s colorful colonial history captured in the film Out of Africa, head to Nairobi. This bustling capital is the gateway to one of the world’s most evocative and exciting travel destinations. Discover more places to visit in this fascinating country with our list of the top tourist attractions in Kenya.

Note: Some businesses may be temporarily closed due to recent global health and safety issues.

golden glimpse8

1. Maasai Mara National Reserve

Maasai Mara National Reserve
Maasai Mara National Reserve

Maasai Mara National Reserve (also “Masai Mara”) is one of Africa’s most magnificent game reserves. Bordering Tanzania, the Mara is the northern extension of the Serengeti and forms a wildlife corridor between the two countries.

It’s named after the statuesque, red-cloaked Maasai people who live in the park and graze their animals here, as they have done for centuries. In their language, Mara means “mottled,” perhaps a reference to the play of light and shadow from the acacia trees and cloud-studded skies on the vast grasslands.

The park is famous for the Great Migration, when thousands of wildebeest, zebra, and Thomson’s gazelle travel to and from the Serengeti, from July through October.

In the Mara River, throngs of hippos and crocodiles lurk. The park is also known for providing excellent predator sightings, thanks to its relatively large populations of lion, cheetah, and leopard – especially in the dry months from December through February.

Thanks to the park’s altitude, the weather here is mild and gentle year-round.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Maasai Mara National Reservehttps://ad61095c4b36530cbd9247d87e02246f.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

2. Amboseli National Reserve

Amboseli National Reserve
Amboseli National Reserve

Crowned by Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest peak, Amboseli National Reserve is one of Kenya’s most popular tourist parks. The name “Amboseli” comes from a Maasai word meaning “salty dust,” an apt description for the park’s parched conditions.

The reserve is one of the best places in Africa to view large herds of elephants up close. Other wildlife commonly spotted in the park includes big cats, such as lion and cheetah, as well as giraffe, impala, eland, waterbuck, gazelle, and more than 600 species of birds.

Nature lovers can explore five different habitats here, ranging from the dried-up bed of Lake Amboseli, wetlands with sulfur springs, savannah, and woodlands. Look for the local Maasai people who live in the area around the park.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Amboseli National Reservehttps://ad61095c4b36530cbd9247d87e02246f.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

3. Tsavo National Park

Tsavo National Park
Tsavo National Park

Kenya’s largest park, Tsavo, is sliced in two: Tsavo West and Tsavo East. Together these parks comprise four percent of the country’s total area and encompass rivers, waterfalls, savannah, volcanic hills, a massive lava-rock plateau, and an impressive diversity of wildlife.

Midway between Nairobi and Mombasa, Tsavo East is famous for photo-worthy sightings of large elephant herds rolling and bathing in red dust. The palm-fringed Galana River twists through the park, providing excellent game viewing and a lush counterpoint to the arid plains.

Other highlights here include the Yatta Plateau, the world’s longest lava flow; Mudanda Rock; and the Lugard Falls, which spill into rapids and crocodile-filled pools.

Tsavo West is wetter and topographically more varied, with some of the most beautiful scenery in the northern reaches of the park. Highlights here are Mzima Springs, a series of natural springs with large populations of hippos and crocodiles; Chaimu Crater, a great spot for seeing birds of prey; and Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary.

Wildlife is not as easy to see in Tsavo West because of the denser vegetation, but the beautiful scenery more than compensates.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Tsavo National Park

4. Samburu, Buffalo Springs, and Shaba National Reserves

Samburu, Buffalo Springs, and Shaba National Reserves
Samburu, Buffalo Springs, and Shaba National Reserves

On the banks of the palm-lined Ewaso Nyiro River, Samburu, Buffalo Springs, and Shaba Reserves lie in an arid region in the remote north of Kenya.

Shaba National Reserve is one of two areas where George and Joy Adamson raised Elsa the lioness, made famous in the film Born Free.

The wildlife in all three reserves depends on the waters of the river to survive, and many species are specially adapted to the parched conditions. These include Grevy’s zebras; Somali ostriches; and gerenuks, the long-necked antelope that stand on two rear legs to reach the fresh shoots on upper tree limbs.

A top attraction in Samburu National Reserve are the Sarara Singing Wells, local watering holes where Samburu warriors sing traditional songs while hauling water for their cattle to drink. You might also be rewarded with sightings of big cats and wild dogs.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Samburu

5. Lake Nakuru National Park

Lake Nakuru National Park
Lake Nakuru National Park

Lake Nakuru National Park, in Central Kenya, is famous for its huge flocks of pink flamingos. The birds throng on Lake Nakuru itself, one of the Rift Valley soda lakes that covers almost a third of the park’s area.

The park was established in 1961, and more than 450 species of birds have been recorded here, as well as a rich diversity of other wildlife. Lions, leopards, warthogs, waterbucks, pythons, and white rhinos are just some of the animals you might see, and the landscapes range from sweeping grasslands bordering the lake to rocky cliffs and woodland.

The park also protects the largest euphorbia candelabrum forest in Africa. These tall, branching succulents are endemic to the region and provide a bold textural element to the arid landscapes.

Accommodation: Where to Stay near Lake Nakuru National Park

6. Lamu Island

Lamu Island
Lamu Island

The small island of Lamu, northeast of Mombasa, oozes old-world charm. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Lamu Old Town is Kenya’s oldest continually inhabited settlement, with origins dating back to the 12th century.

Strolling the labyrinthine streets is one of the top things to do here. You can see the island’s rich trading history reflected in the buildings. Architectural features from the Arab world, Europe, and India are evident, yet with a discernible Swahili technique. Intricately carved wooden doors, coral stone buildings, hidden courtyards, verandas, and rooftop patios are common features.

Sightseeing here is like stepping back in time. Dhows plow the harbor, few if any motorized vehicles exist here, and donkeys still rule the streets as they have done for centuries. Most of Lamu’s population is Muslim, and both men and women dress in traditional attire.

Top attractions on the island include Lamu Museum, with displays on Swahili culture and the region’s nautical history; Lamu Fort; and the Donkey Sanctuary.

If all the history is a little too much, you can bask on one of the island’s white-sand beaches or sip Arabic coffee in a local café.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Lamu

7. Lake Naivasha

Lake Naivasha
Lake Naivasha

A haven for birders, Lake Naivasha lies at the highest point of the Great Rift ValleyMore than 400 species of birds have been spotted here, including African fish eagles, jacanas, white-fronted bee-eaters, and several species of kingfishers.

One of the best ways to view the wildlife is by boat. Hippos slosh in the water, and giraffes, zebras, buffaloes, and eland graze around the edges of the lake. Keep a lookout for colobus monkeys in the canopies, too.

Near Lake Naivasha, the Crater Lake Game Sanctuary features a wildlife-rich nature trail.

Just south of Lake Naivashathe relatively affordable Hell’s Gate National Park protects a wide variety of wildlife and offers excellent climbing opportunities, with two extinct volcanoes and the red cliffs of Hell’s Gate Gorge.

On the southern shore of Lake Naivasha, you can pop in for a cup of tea at the Elsamere Conservation Centre, the former home of the late Joy Adamson, author of Born Free, and her husband George.

Note that Lake Naivasha has been known to shrink considerably in times of extreme drought, and a flourishing floriculture industry in the area is also impacting water levels and quality. But the lake is typically lush and full of life.

8. Nairobi

Karen Blixen Museum in Nairobi
Karen Blixen Museum in Nairobi

If you’re looking for things to do in Kenya other than a safari, you’ll have plenty of choices in the country’s capital and largest city. Nairobi is legendary for its colorful colonial history. It was once the capital of British East Africa, luring settlers who came here to stake their fortune in the coffee and tea industries. Today, you can explore the city’s famous historic sites and excellent wildlife-related attractions.

Craving some cultural attractions in Kenya? You’ll find several worthwhile places to visit in Nairobi. The Nairobi National Museum is a great one-stop spot to see exhibits on Kenya’s history, nature, culture, and contemporary art. Green thumbs will also enjoy the botanic gardens on the grounds.

Another popular tourist attraction is the Karen Blixen Museum, the restored residence of the famous Danish author of the book Out of Africa, also known by her pen name, Isak Dinesen.

To see wildlife without venturing far from the city center, visit Nairobi National Park, now a black rhino sanctuary and also home to a diversity of other African wildlife.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Nairobi

9. Nairobi National Park

Giraffe in Nairobi National Park
Giraffe in Nairobi National Park

Who says you need to go far from Nairobi to enjoy a safari? A mere 15-minute drive from the clamor of Kenya’s capital, you can gaze at a snoozing pride of lions or a graceful giraffe strutting through the golden grass at Nairobi National Park.

Visiting this wildlife-rich park is one of the top things to do if you’re staying in Nairobi, and it makes a rewarding day trip – especially if you can’t make it to one of the larger game reserves.

All the classic safari stars here, including buffalo, leopard, zebras, wildebeest, hippos, elephants, and cheetah, and you can also see some of the planet’s most endangered species at the park’s rhino sanctuary.

The Nairobi Safari Walk provides a rewarding opportunity to spot wildlife on foot, and birders will be happy to know that more than 400 species of birds also inhabit the park, including the beautiful grey crowned crane.

And no visit to the park would be complete without popping into the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust Elephant Nursery at the park’s main gates. Also save time to pop into Giraffe Centre, near the famous Giraffe Manor, where these long-necked beauties eat right out of your hands.

Official site: http://www.kws.go.ke/parks/nairobi-national-park

10. David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust Elephant Nursery

Elephant being fed at the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust
Elephant being fed at the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust

Who can resist a baby elephant? At the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, you can mingle with impossibly cute baby pachyderms and feel good about supporting an important conservation organization at the same time.

This famous wildlife sanctuary rescues and rehabilitates orphaned elephants and offers you the chance to see these lovable creatures up close. This is where the youngest elephants are hand-reared until about two or three years of age, and you can watch the keepers bottle-feed the babies.

From the sanctuary, staff relocate the elephants to a reintegration center in Tsavo East National Park before they are eventually released back into the wild.

Watching these playful pint-sized pachyderms wallow in the mud or nudge a soccer ball around is something you will never forget. If you want to do more to help these magnificent animals, consider adopting an orphaned elephant, giraffe, or rhino before you go, and you’ll receive regular updates on its progress.

Conveniently, the nursery sits right at the main gates of Nairobi National Park, so you can visit both of these famous tourist attractions in the same day.

11. Malindi

Malindi
Malindi

North of Mombasa on the Kenyan coast, Malindi has a split personality. This popular beach town is part historic old town, part modern tourist hub. Thanks to its rich trading history, it is also a melting pot of cultures and cuisines.

Travelers, many from Europe, come here to sun on the white sands of Watamu Beach and dive the coral reefs of the Malindi and Watamu Marine National Parks. If you’re looking for free things to do in Kenya, you can do worse than bask on a beautiful Malindi Beach.

You can also soak up a dose of Swahili history in the historic town, which dates from the 12th century. Here, you can visit the Jami Mosque; two pillar tombs from the 14th century; and the Church of St. Francis Xavier, one of East Africa’s oldest churches.

On the promontory, the Vasco De Gama Cross is one of the oldest standing monuments in Africa.

Another popular tourist attraction is the Falconry of Kenya, a rehabilitation center for sick and injured birds.

Also worth visiting, about 30 kilometers northeast of Malindi is the Marafa Depression. Also called Hell’s Kitchen or Nyari this set of sandstone gorges sculpted by the wind and rain is like a mini Grand Canyon.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Malindi

12. Mombasa

Mombasa
Mombasa

Mombasa is a multicultural tourist magnet. It’s also Kenya’s second largest city and biggest port. British, Portuguese, Arab, Indian, and Asian immigrants add to the rich cultural mix, and their influence is evident in the architecture, as well as the many different types of cuisine.

Mombasa is actually an island connected to its mushrooming development on the mainland by a causeway, bridges, and ferries. Coral reefs fringe the coast for 480 kilometers, providing fantastic snorkeling and diving opportunities, especially at Mombasa Marine National Park and around Wasini Island. Dolphin watching and deep-sea fishing are also popular things to do in Mombasa.

You’ll find plenty of tourist attractions along the Kenyan coast here. History buffs will enjoy exploring the 16th-century Fort Jesus and Old Town with its narrow streets, ancient Swahili dwellings, markets, and souvenir shops.

Other Mombasa tourist attractions cram the city’s north shore, including Mombasa Go-Kart, cinemas, sports, and a cornucopia of restaurants.

This being a coastal hub, beach lovers will find some worthy strands nearby. North of the city, Nyali and Bamburi Beaches are favorites, while the white strands of Shelly, Tiwi, and Diani Beaches are popular spots south of Mombasa.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Mombasa

13. Mount Kenya National Park

Mount Kenya National Park
Mount Kenya National Park

In the Central Highlands, east of the Great Rift Valley, Mount Kenya National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that provides the rare spectacle of equatorial snow. It encompasses the country’s namesake highest mountain at 5,199 meters.

Formed by a series of volcanic eruptions, Mount Kenya is actually comprised of three glacier-cloaked peaks. The highest is Batian, although Nelion, the next highest, is a tougher climb. The lowest peak, Lenana, is considered the easiest climb, although unpredictable weather can pose challenges.

Bring your camera. The striking scenery varies from glaciers, lakes, and mineral springs to alpine forest and dense pockets of bamboo.

The diversity of flora and fauna provides rewarding opportunities for safaris. Among the wildlife here, you may spot black and white colobus monkeys, buffalo, elephant, tree hyrax, leopard, and hyena.

Planning to spend a few days here? Nestled in the foothills, the famous Fairmont Mount Kenya Safari Club is a luxury retreat with trout fishing, golf, and tennis.

Accommodation: Where to Stay near Mount Kenya National Parkhttps://ad61095c4b36530cbd9247d87e02246f.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

14. Hell’s Gate National Park

Hell's Gate National Park
Hell’s Gate National Park

A hot spot for climbers, Hell’s Gate National Park is one of the few parks in Kenya that allows camping and enables you to explore on foot or bicycle.

Hell’s Gate offers excellent climbing and hiking opportunities, with two extinct volcanoes; the red cliffs of Hell’s Gate Gorge; ObsidianCaves; and the pointed column of rock known as Fischer’s Tower, a former volcanic plug.

Geothermal features include hot springs and natural geysers hissing steam through vents in the earth’s crust. The park also protects a wide variety of wildlife, including leopards, baboons, hartebeest, eland, ostriches, gazelles, and more than 100 species of birds. Eagle and vulture breeding grounds also lie within the park.

The Oloor Karia Maasai Cultural Centre within the park is also worth a visit, with Maasai singing, dancing, and jewelry-making demonstrations.

Interestingly, Olkaria Geothermal Station lies within Hell’s Gate National Park. It generates power from heated, pressurized water underground and is the first of its kind in Africa.https://ad61095c4b36530cbd9247d87e02246f.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

15. Ol Pejeta Conservancy

Rhino's at the Old Pejeta Conservancy
Rhino’s at the Old Pejeta Conservancy

About 200 kilometers north of Nairobi, near Mount Kenya National Park, Ol Pejeta Conservancy is a prime place for close-up wildlife encounters.

Conservation and sustainability are key at this 90,000-acre private game reserve, where you can view the Big Five (lion, leopard, rhino, elephant, and buffalo), as well as other animals such as cheetah, hyenas, zebra, and hartebeest – all set against the breathtaking backdrop of snowcapped Mount Kenya.

The conservancy is perhaps best known for its northern and southern white rhinos, including Baraka, a blind black rhino, who lucky visitors might have the chance to feed.

You can view the wildlife on self-drive or guided tours, and entry includes a visit to the chimpanzee sanctuary. Day visitors are welcome, and if you want to extend your wilderness adventure, you can stay overnight in accommodations that range from bush camps and safari cottages to a charming colonial ranch house.

Official site: http://www.olpejetaconservancy.org/https://ad61095c4b36530cbd9247d87e02246f.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.htmlSubscribe to ourNewsletterDiscover destinations, find outdoor adventures, follow the journeys of our travel writers around the world, and be inspired.

Most Beautiful Cities in Africa

14 Best Cities in Africa

PUBLISHED: 04 AUG 2021, Amir P.Adam

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Home to more than 50 different countries, the African continent has some of the world’s best cities to explore. Vibrant, eclectic, and culturally rich, many African cities are modern affairs set to a beautiful backdrop.

South Africa’s Cape Town, for instance, is often considered one of the world’s most beautiful cities for its mix of natural beauty – there’s a 6,000-foot table-shaped mountain in the center and a string of white-sand beaches – and buzzy atmosphere. Visitors can expect stylish hotels, delectable restaurants with global cuisine, and plenty of cultural attractions and adventurous things to do.

Other African cities, like Marrakesh, Morocco, offer the best of old and new. In Marrakesh, you will find an up-and-coming art scene, five-star resorts, and contemporary restaurants set next to ancient bazaars, souks, and markets.

And Africa has cities for all styles of travelers, from fast-paced and sprawling metropolises like Egypt’s Cairo, Nigeria’s Lagos, and South Africa’s Johannesburg to cities like Stone Town on the island of Zanzibar, where the pace of life moves slow.

Selected for their diversity, beauty, and reasons a tourist would want to include them on a vacation, here we present our list of Africa’s best cities.

Note: Some businesses may be temporarily closed due to recent global health and safety issues.

1. Cape Town, South Africa

Cape Town
Cape Town

Located at the base of Table Mountain and right on the Atlantic Ocean, Cape Town has it all. The city is home to a string of beautiful beaches and a plethora of natural attractions like climbing to the top of Lion’s Head to view the sunrise or hiking in Table Mountain National Park. It also features the gorgeous Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, and there is an opportunity to see wild African penguins just about 30 minutes outside the city center.

Cape Town is also culturally rich and home to a myriad of museums, galleries, and historical attractions, like Robben Island, where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years. When it comes to dining and shopping, Cape Town has excellent restaurants and contemporary shops. Don’t miss the lively Victoria and Alfred Waterfront, which is home to both.

There are also hotels for all budgets of travelers and due to a favorable exchange rate for Americans, Canadians, and Europeans, even the luxury hotels here are affordable. If you do want to splurge, The Silo Hotel is one of the nicest in town, with Instagram-worthy bathtubs.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Cape Town: Best Areas & Hotels

Read More: Top Tourist Attractions in Cape Town & Easy Day Trips

2. Marrakesh, Morocco

Koutoubia Mosque in Marrakesh
Koutoubia Mosque in Marrakesh

Morocco’s fourth-largest city, Marrakesh is a mesmerizing place to visit filled with ancient architecture and modern culture. In the western part of the country, Marrakesh is home to a vibrant medieval walled medina, which dates back to the Berber Empire. You’ll want to spend some time wandering its narrow maze-like streets, where you’ll find souks (marketplaces) selling all sorts of traditional goods from jewelry to spices and textiles.

Another one of Marrakesh’s must-sees is the 12th-century Koutoubia Mosque, with its Moorish minaret that forms an integral part of the city skyline. Also don’t miss new attractions like the Museum of African Contemporary Art Al Maaden and the galleries making up Marrakesh’s burgeoning arts scene.

If you’re trying to decide where to stay, the luxe Oberoi, Marrakesh is one of the best sleeps in the city.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Marrakesh: Best Areas & Hotels

3. Cairo, Egypt

Riding camels at the pyramids of Giza
Riding camels at the pyramids of Giza

Right on the banks of the Nile River, Cairo is a chaotic and bustling city that is also the largest in Egypt. It’s dubbed the “city that never sleeps” – there is always something going on in this sprawling metropolis, where ancient culture meets modern skyscrapers. Expect to hear a cacophony of horns and the rumble of traffic day and night, but the sounds are invigorating to those who like large cities.

Travelers come to Cairo to explore Egypt’s long and storied history. Top Cairo attractions include the Egyptian Museum, which is filled with millennia worth of antiquities and artifacts, including mummified bodies of ancient rulers. The large, public Tahir Square with its central traffic circle is the heart of Cairo and also known as a location for political demonstrations. For panoramic city views, you’ll want to visit the 187-meter-high Cairo Tower in the Zamalek district of the Gezira Island suburb.

Also nearby is Giza, where you’ll find Egypt’s most famous attractions: the iconic pyramids dating back to the 26th-century BC and the Great Sphinx. Visit on a camel for sunrise or sunset.

Accommodation: Top-Rated Resorts in Egypt

4. Stone Town, Zanzibar

Aerial view of Stone Town
Aerial view of Stone Town

Stone Town is no major metropolis; it is an old Swahili coastal trading town, but it is one of the most intriguing destinations in Africa. Located on the beautiful island of Zanzibar off the Tanzanian coast in the Indian Ocean, Stone Town is the heart and soul of the island.

The town dates back more than 200 years and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is filled with winding alleys and old riads, with their intricate carved wooden doorways that serve as guesthouses now. Check out the town’s vibrant bazaars, and grab dinner from one of the multiple food vendors cooking up fresh dishes right on the waterfront.

Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Tanzania

5. Johannesburg, South Africa

Johannesburg
Johannesburg

Johannesburg, or Jo’burg as the locals call it, is South Africa’s largest city and one of Africa’s most wealthy and modern. Expect skyscrapers, world-class hotels, and a host of restaurants that can rival those in major western cities like New York. In fact a lot of Jo’burg has a feeling similar to NYC – it has a young, vibrant, frenetic, goes-all-night energy about it.

The city center is home to attractions like the not-to-be-missed Apartheid Museum. But the suburbs here are also notable and where most of the hotels and restaurants are located.

Johannesburg is also filled with shopping malls that people still flock to, and you’ll find these anchored by more classy hotels and restaurants. The township of Soweto is another cultural must-see to understand South Africa’s complicated history.

6. Kigali, Rwanda

Downtown Kigali
Downtown Kigali

Rwanda’s capital city is known for being one of Africa’s cleanest cities. Set in the middle of the country and just a 2.5-hour drive from Volcanoes National Park, where tourists come to trek to see Rwanda’s mountain gorillas, it has a great geographical location for exploring this emerging destination.

The city, which sits at just over 5,000 feet above sea level and dates back to the 11th-century, is hilly, with buildings set on ridges and accompanying valleys. The Kigali Genocide Memorial is a top (if somber) Kigali attraction, documenting the horrific 1994 mass killings during Rwanda’s civil war.

For traditional handicrafts, from wooden carvings to jewelry and woven baskets head to the numerous vendors making up the Caplaki Craft Village. Kigali also has a lively restaurant and entertainment scene.

7. Essaouira, Morocco

Essaouira, Morocco
Essaouira, Morocco

The Moroccan port city of Essaouira on the country’s Atlantic coast is one of its most beautiful. The city, which is also a popular resort town, has some lovely beaches and is known for its excellent kitesurfing, windsurfing, and regular surfing, thanks to strong currents and plenty of wind – it is actually known as the Wind City of Africa.

Head to the old medina to begin sightseeing. It is protected by 18th-century seafront ramparts and is filled with palm-lined avenues and narrow streets where you’ll find cafés, art galleries, and small hotels. Also check out the old brass cannons lining this picturesque fishing town’s fortified walls.

8. Windhoek, Namibia

Windhoek at sunset
Windhoek at sunset

Namibia’s capital city is one of Africa’s easiest to navigate. Safe, contemporary, and clean, it is filled with traditional German houses and pastel-hued buildings. Despite being Namibia’s largest city, Windhoek has more of a small-town vibe.

The pedestrian-friendly city is easy to explore on foot. Don’t miss its many craft shops, fun and tasty restaurants, and neo-Baroque cathedrals that join skyscrapers to make up the city’s skyline.

9. Durban, South Africa

Surfer in Durban
Surfer in Durban

South Africa’s third major city, Durban has a unique multicultural history and is known as the birthplace of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi who was born here on June 7, 1893. Today, the city on the Indian Ocean coastline is a top South African beach destination (the sea here is quite a bit warmer than in Cape Town), with some good surf breaks. It is also known for its large Indian population and excellent restaurant scene.

Top Durban attractions include a seafront promenade that runs from uShaka Marine World, a large theme park with an aquarium, to the Moses Mabhida Stadium, which was built for the 2010 soccer World Cup. It is also known as the Golden Mile.

The Durban Botanical Gardens is another popular attraction and showcases a larger variety of African plants.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Durban: Best Areas & Hotels

10. Nairobi, Kenya

Zebras in Nairobi National Park with the Nairobi skyline in the distance
Zebras in Nairobi National Park with the Nairobi skyline in the distance

Kenya’s capital city, Nairobi, is a vibrant and unique destination with some of the best infrastructure on the African continent. Expect a mix of contemporary skyscrapers and traditional Kenyan style plus a healthy dose of culture and historical sites.

One of the coolest facets of Nairobi is its accessibility to African wildlife safaris. Located just on the outskirts of the city center is Nairobi National Park, a game reserve famed for breeding endangered black rhinos. It is also home to other animals, from zebras to lions and giraffes. Another Nairobi top attraction is the elephant orphanage run by the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust next to the reserve.

For lodging, you’ll want to check out Giraffe Manor. It is one of the most unique boutique properties around; guests here can interact with giraffes.

11. Lagos, Nigeria

Downtown Lagos
Downtown Lagos

Nigeria’s largest city, Lagos is also the country’s richest metropolis and its financial epicenter. The city is also where to come if you are hoping to make a name for yourself in Nigeria’s thriving film and music industries – many dream of appearing on stage at Freedom Park, which served as a prison during the colonial-era and is now a popular concert venue.

Lagos stretches inland from the Gulf of Guinea and across the Lagos Lagoon. Victoria Island is a popular destination for tourists, as it has some of the best beach resorts, lively restaurants, and shops and boutiques in the city.

For a dose of culture head to Lagos Island, where you’ll find the National Museum of Lagos, which is filled with cultural artifacts.

12. Algiers, Algeria

Seaside Boulevard in Algiers
Seaside Boulevard in Algiers

European and Arab influences blend together in Algeria’s capital city Algiers, which is often referred to as the “Paris of North Africa.” The visually beautiful city sits on a bay on the Mediterranean coast and is home to some gorgeous beaches. There are also cosmopolitan restaurants, shops, and tourist hotels.

Made sure to wander the white-washed buildings of the Kasbah. The old town is filled with steep, windy alleyways and palaces left over from the Ottoman empire. The Ketchaoua Mosque is another top place to visit. It dates back to the 17th-century and has two large minarets.

13. Accra, Ghana

Accra, Ghana
Accra, Ghana

The port city of Accra is Ghana’s capital and largest metropolis. Right on the Atlantic coast, it is also home to gold-sand beaches like Labadi Beach and Kokrobite Beach and boasts a tropical climate. A favorite vacation spot for wealthy Nigerians who have weekend houses here, Accra is filled with lively restaurants and large shopping malls.

Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park is a top attraction. The park honors Ghana’s first president, who helped the country achieve independence from Great Britain. On the park grounds, you’ll find Nkrumah’s mausoleum and a museum detailing his life and accomplishments. Also check out the colorful Makola Market for all sorts of goods.

14. Luxor, Egypt

Statue in the temple of Karnak in Luxor
Statue in the temple of Karnak in Luxor

Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979, the city of Luxor in southern Egypt sits on the east bank of the Nile River. Between the 16th and 11th centuries BC, it was the site of the ancient city of Thebes, which was the seat of power for the pharaohs during the height of their reign.

Today, the modern city is built around two surviving monuments from these ancient times. Don’t miss the Luxor and Karnak Temples. Other top Luxor attractions from the past include the royal tombs of the Valley of the Kings on the Nile’s west bank.